Buddhism in Japan from Prehistoric to Kamakura Period

Buddhism in lacquer might have been brought by early merchants traveling the Silk Road from India, to China, to Korea and to lacquer. Because of the immutable interaction between these countries, many Buddhist teachings and practices, particularly the Mahayana Buddhism, together with roughly Chinese heathen traditions became integrated with Japans own cultural development.At first, conflicts with Shinto tactual sensation caused delay in the spread of the Buddhist religion. antediluvian patriarch Japanese people regarded Buddha as one of the kamis yet many were attracted to the cup of tea of its arts and the promises of concrete benefits such as wealth and longevity. As time went on, more and more people recognized that Buddhism has its own belief that was thought to be complementary with the existing Shinto religion, Japans native religion.During the Nara period, some Buddhist monasteries built around the capital Nara gained politicsal influence in the ruling government. Be cause of this ambitious and militant movement of monasteries, the government was forced to move the capital from Nara to Nagaoka (784AD) and then to Kyoto (794AD). This issue remained a problem for many centuries in the Japanese history. During the Heian Period (794-1185), many religious sects were grabbing popular help over the Japanese population.These sects presented Buddhism in a way that best fit the ancient Japanese culture and tradition as seen from these three sects Shingon sect (774-835AD) by Kukai True Pure Land Sect (1173-1262) by Shinran and, white lotus Hokke or Nichiren Sect (1222-1282) founded by Nichiren. The acceptance of Buddhism can be attributed from the plant of these sects, which still have millions of followers as of today. In conclusion, Buddhism in Japan became popular since its core practices and teachings were complementary with Shinto religion as shown by popular Buddhist sects named above.References (Buddhism in Japan , Japanese Buddhism, 2004 , A realize on Buddhism storey of Japanese Buddhism) Buddhism in Japan. (n. d. ). Retrieved April 6, 2007, from http//afe. easia. columbia. edu/japan/japanworkbook/religion/jbuddhis. hypertext mark-up language Japanese Buddhism. (2004). Retrieved April 6, 2007, from http//www. japan-guide. com/e/e2055. html A View on Buddhism History of Japanese Buddhism. (November 30, 2006). Retrieved April 6, 2007, from http//buddhism. kalachakranet. org/history_japanese_buddhism. html

The China Coin Chapter Questions

pasturelandshs thought wee us flashbacks to their earlier, happier life together when forageshs dad was alive. What does pastureland remember? (39-40) What does she obtain is happening to Joan in mainland china? (pages 50-51). Shanghai Chapters 7-8 10. What does pasture learn slightly mainland Chinas history during the argument with the party Official on the train? (pages 56-57) 1 1 . What happens to eatage in Shanghai? How does Billie use language to execute tension and excitement in this incident? Give quotes from the story to fight your answer. 12. Lea and Joan see a demonstration of students on their way to the boat.What do they learn about why they are demonstrating? (page 67) The Journey up the Yanking Chapters 9-11 13. What does Lea learn about why her mother decided to have intercourse to China so soon after her fathers funeral? (pages 75-76) 14. Its over. Lea took Jeans hand and squeezed. Weve been through a lot, eh? What does this quote tell us about how Lea is changing and festering up? (page 82) Turtle Land (Red star) Village Chapters 12-27 15. Lea changes her attitude to her Chinese identity. How do we know? What do you think causes her to change? (pages 105-112) 16.Lea is becoming milliamp with conventional Chinese villages. Draw a picture of the village. Label the picture. (page 106) 17. What does Eek tell Lea about why he and the students are protesting all over China? 18. What does Lea learn about how Sees father died? What are Sees tactual sensationings about his fathers expiration? (pages 1 18-1 19) 19. On her way to visit Joan in the hospital Lea thinks about her relationship with Joan. What does she realize and what does this tell us about how Lea is changing? (page 1 37) 20. Lean and Joan pass off together in a new understanding. What do they realize about why they have come to China? 38-139) 21 . Where do Lie Nan and Lea keep an eye on the other half of the coin? What is the significance of Leashs reaction when she sa ys- This is family/ (pages 139-140) 22. Lea has come to accept her Chinese identity. What has she learnt while she has been in the village and what does she say about being Chinese? (page 158) 23. What is happening in Beijing? What does Lea feel about the struggle of the students? (pages 144-145) Beijing Chapters 27-32 24. What does Lea see in growth determine? (pages 165-169) 25. What does Lea discover about what happened to the students in accomplishment Square? (pages 176-178) 26.When Lea returns to look for Eek she is confronted by a soldier with a gun. What happens in this terrible scene? (pages 181-182) 27. Lea and Joan learn from the students in the hotel the facts of what happened in Attainment Square. Summaries what happened. (187-188) 28. What does Lea see the coin as symbolizing about China? (page 189) 29. Why are Joan and Lea crying at the end of the mass? What does the phrase the two women clung together tell us about the way Lea has changed on her journey through C hina? 30. What kind of ideas about belong is explored in the character of Eek? Give reasons for your answer.

Nike ERP Implementation

What are the failure factors for the first NIKE-12 ERP-SCM executing? All ERP implementations nurture risks associated that tummy lead to failure situations. The thickeningity of ERP systems together with demanding rail line environment, mean big ch entirelyenges for companies when implementing an ERP. In the case of Nike, the situation is even more dispute beca role of the worldwide ERP deployment, and the large and complex background knowledge of the take in.Inevitably, and like all ERP implementations, Nike-i2s bear faced complications at the several(predicate) stages of he implementation make pass plainly those complications could fork over been minimized if the so called Critical succeeder Factors (CSF)I had been planned and managed properly. exploitation the 5 stages structure proposed in the report Drawing Competitive favor through Successful ERP Implementation Projects2, the failure factors are analyzed in detail in the following sections.First stage of imp lementation ( meet preparation) One of the failures in the Nike-i2 ERP implementation was the lack of Formalized remnanture plan/schedule. Feeling the mart pressures, Nike did non commit to a isciplined plan and rushed up ERRS implementation, by began to introduce entropy for its forthcoming Spring 2001 line when the system was even-tempered to stabilize3 , giving reason to the opinions that projects cannot be driven by external deadlines4.Industry experts also warned about the boomerang effect (tight and un living deadlines would stipend back back in low quality results in the future) exclusively Nike felt 12 technology was smaller and therefore easier to implement. The result was the project failure and a fiscal storm (reduced profits) in the following financial periods. The executive eam as the certificate of indebtedness to define the mission and scope of the project by analyzing the project lineage benefits and goals, and aligning them with strategic argumentation goals.It is resolve that in this case, Nikes executives were too manque by trusting blindly in a forecast system that was not completely adequate to Nikes business model (model was order based and not demand forecast oriented). As stated in Cnet 12 had past success projects with big clients much(prenominal) as Boeing, Nortel Networks, Raytheon and WalMart.. proving that 12 bundle is not perfect, but if implementation s d unity correctly, with proper planning, investment and scheduling, it will work well. 5 Implementing software program is not a goal by it itself, remaking the business with the dish up of software is.Nike business goal was to create an efficient global run chain by reducing inventory and manufacturing cycle, and this was a large and complex goal, thus, the software implementation could not be taken as unsophisticated and easy as Nikes executives toke it, failing to give Sustained wariness have to the project. In the second stage of implementation (Business Blueprint) the failures were Nike elied too much in the (supposed) power of the prediction technology and underestimated its impact on the business act upones changes much(prenominal) as orders dishing, raw materials purchasing, fabric production, and demand management.That impact also unnatural the way employees and breachners apply to work. Any quantify companies changes employees working habits, it can get difficult to them to adapt to the new-made reality, thus, an Effective organizational change management is critical. Nike tailed ensuring that this complex change got the right results by not integrating properly people, process and technology. Nikes business context was very complex (120000 SKUs, operations in all continents, four seasons product turn oer and product life cycle very short), thus, a deep knowledge of this labor was critical when implementing new business processes and ERP systems.Despite previous supply chain occupations were troublesome Nike hired 12 that was in experience in the footwear industry. This situation could have been avoided if Nike had appropriately apply consultants by integrating third-party specialists with industry experience in the projects aggroup. By not managing this factor, Nike took a big risk and ncreased the probabilities of failure. Nikes business requirements were too complex and over detailed (like footwears forecasting for styles, colors, sizes).If Nike had appropriately used consultants and also had promoted User employment and participation, those experts could had shared their know-how in the definition of business requirements more realistic and adjust with the real organizational inquires. The failures in the third stage of implementation (Realization) were i2s software did not hug drug all the required functionalities6. Usually, ERP systems do not depart all the functional requirements nd 12 system is not an exception. Thats why, ERP marketers offer interfaces to communicate with thi rd-party products.The problem with Nike implementation was that there was not an Critical Success Factors is a concept presented in the report Drawing Competitive service through Successful ERP Implementation Projects, by Jos Esteves Instituto de Empresa (Spain) and Joan Pastor Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona (Spain) 2 ibid 3 SCM and ERP Software Implementation at Nike From failure to success 4 http//www. cio. com/ denomination/32335/Five_Lessons_Learned_from_Nike_s_i2_Debacle 5 ttp//news. cnet. om/i2-Nike-fallout-a-cautionary-tale/2100-1017_3-253829. html 6 SCM and ERP Software Implementation at Nike From failure to success 1 adequate infrastructure and interfaces prepared in march on and tested forward going live. The result was that the Demand application and its planner did not amalgamate easily 7. Nikes demand for high school customization was one of the principal(prenominal) failures in this project. To Avoid ERP customization, Nike could have approp riately used consultants to reduce the need of very detail level forecasting (style, color, size).Consultants ould have brought also an experienced business vision, focus on ERP processes really needed to run Nikes business, coalescence in the midst of Nikes requirements and ERP functionalities, and ERP best practices (including 2s recommendations and methodology) Forth stage (final preparation) is critically important to arrest the quality of the results, Nikes tailures were To ensure that the ERP accomplishes the business requirements defined at the beginning of the project a Formalized testing plan is mandatory.In theory, this test plan should cross functional tests, data flow between ystems, user testing and military operation tests. Nike did not perform any of those tests activities and the catastrophic results were System could not process large amounts of info. It was very slow and crashed, System could not handle thousands of variables to rejoin forecasts, Demand appli cation and its planner did not integrate easily because unlike data formats. , System sent inaccurate orders to manufactures and errors were not detected8 In this phase, User involvement and participation, Adequate training program and incumbrance troubleshooting are critical to guarantee that the technical staff and end- sers know how to use the system to prepare users to perform tests and to prevent unexpected situations.These activities were not performed and under- pass judgmentd by Nike as confirmed in the case it would work with requiring a pilot burner test 12 application was smaller9 No communicating between forecasting and comments from sales and marketing and no super users used in training. Data migration and data testing are crucial activities before system go-live because data is what really gives competitive advantage to a social club and data is the core foundation for all business decisions, thus, an Adequate data migration process s essential. Analysts raised qu estions about adequacy of information that Nike input into the system. 10, this means that Nike did not planned in advance the data activities (migration, conversion, cleaning, etcetera ) and in the end the result was Input data was estimated and didnt reflect the business reality, thus, forecasts could never be accuratell For the final stage (go live) Nike failed in 0 Not giving sustained management support since Executives did not puddle review meetings, neither analyzed forecasting results12.This transmitted a sense experience of no wnership and no own involvement to employees, resulting in no encouragement of system usage. From other point view, Nike also failed on the study of traffickers paygrade criteria 0 According to the six-stage model of the buying process for ERP software13, one evaluation criteria is Association with or the availability of third party vendor/ partners and other criteria is Qualifications, experience, and success in fork outing solutions to organi zations of a similar size, complexity, and geographic scope.It was clear that 12 did not had experience on the footwear industry and was not prepared or Nikes business complexity, so Nike should had decided for some other vendor with industry knowledge or as an alternative to integrate 12 with a specialized third-party. 0 Nike seemed to desire the best-of-breed for each application area, ex expel for ERP, 12 for planning SCM, Siebel for CRM, etc. , which is not ever the best option.As for 12, Nike knew that there were many disadvantages to choose this vendor, such as 12 technology could not met all business requirements data models were different between i2s demand and planner application raising integration problems with egacy systems high suit was necessary to customization there were 2 development and delivery cycles at the aforesaid(prenominal) time (one for 12 and other for SAP) and 12 had no experience in industry. A better option would have been to integrate planning SCM with SAP from the very beginning, which turned out be what exactly happened atter the 12 remnant M project tailure.Nike-i2s ERP implementation failed in all stages of implementation on several CSF and also on the evaluation of the vendor. The failures were related mainly to project management and organizational factors proving that success is much related to eople and process and not Just technology. 7 SCM and ERP Software Implementation at Nike 10 11 12 13 From failure to success ibid A six-stage model of the buying process for ERP software by Jacques Verville and Alannah Halingten 8 9 2.How do you evaluate the role of 12 in this process? Many factors which Nike failed to manage can also be applied for 12, resulting in a shared responsibility for the project failure. 0 12 did actually recommended Nike to minimize customization to 10-15% of the software14 but at the same Nike and 12 worked together to incorporate the desire hanges. 1 5 This means, 12 agreed to do the changes whe n Nike insisted on high level of customization, thus, 12 also has responsibilities on the high customization failure.Responsibility could be different if the level of customization was written in the weigh to be limited by 10%, and above that, 12 would not offer product guarantee. 0 The project did not have formal plan and no realistic deadlines. 12 as company, cannot be Just a software vendor, it must participate on the plan definition and monitoring. By accepting Nikes deadlines, 12 was also responsible for the delays nd for the low quality of the delivered software. 0 Nike began to input data while the system was not yet stable but 12 did not force Nike to stop this.A vendor must deliver his product when it is ready and according to negotiated deadlines. 0 12 did not have footwear industry knowledge but accepted to be part of the project, taking a big risk and being too ambitious like Nike was. The result was that 12 became overwhelmed with the business complexity and in the en d the forecasts did not worked out as expected. 12 should had analyzed better Nikes business and industry, nd sub-contracted a third-party specialist in that industry. Nike did not use 2s implementation methodology executives did not hold review meetings, neither analyzed forecasting results there was no pilot test and no training. A vendor must also be part of the project management team to define and negotiate formal deadlines, implementation phases, methodologies, tasks, roles, test plans, risk management plans, performance goals, etc. A vendor must assure that the contract is clear about who owns the project who is responsible for what what resources will e obtainable during the project what are the expected benefits and results. 3.Describe the main problems associated with ERP software modification (short-term and long-term) short-run 0 More time to implement a modified ERP compared with the time to implement an original ERP. 0 Higher costs during projects implementation to p ay analysts to define customized business processes and to pay programmers to customize the new functionalities on the system. 0 Higher costs to run additional tests to guarantee customized functionalities work as expected and do not affect the original system apabilities. 0 Additional costs to train end-users on the customized functionalities.

Comparative Annual Report Essay

All listed companies must prep ar and expel their annual report for each end of every financial year. Bursa Malaysia Berhad and exchange Bank of Malaysia require business entities to submit annual report. Annual reports are intended to give shareholders and other interested people information virtually the companys activities and financial performance. It is general documents that give shareholders an idea of the considerateness of the company as a whole. The Securities Commission makes public companies disclose true information to the shareholders of the company.It will create a standardized method that investors peck use to evaluate the potential of a company. The purpose of this project is to give out the annual reports mingled with two industries. For our project paper, we have focus on services and plantation industries and compared two annual reports for the year 2009 between. This comparison would suck about these two industries what is the similarities disclosure an d differences disclosure between services and plantation industries besides the implication of disclosure and presentation of financial reporting.The aims of comparative between two annual report is to strengthen and enhance the understandability on how these companies present the information in their annual report to internal and foreign users. All information should be honest and forthcoming. It is to emphasize on the circumstance industries, including background of the company. Besides that it has emphasize on applicable statutory requirements, collective governance, and voluntary disclosure on corporeal social responsibility and purlieu issues into these two different industries.Furthermore, analyzed the similarities and differentiation of statutory requirement applies by both companies. And find out whether these two companies have complied in corporate governance and discuss the application of corporate social responsibility and environmental issues.

Is Technology Making Us Crazy Essay

We strongly accept the authors survey that technology is fashioning us idle. This is because, there be many negative effects in human daily lives. Negative effects are exposing the youth to the elements away or yellow culture which does non benefit the youth themselves. The meshwork is an endless ocean of in hurlation, entertainment and social media, and combined together, the three form a compelling and near irresistible to use the internet and collect it an integral part of our daily lives. Is technology making us crazy? .Technology and internet also discharge make us go through lonely and depressed both of which effects the mental aspect of an individual. For example, they do not giving pay full attention when people babble to them. In addition, they surf the internet for long periods of time which can make people to mental health problems as well as physically. For example, it may worsen eye quality, look at back pain and have a permanent effect on our body posture. We also agree with the pedagogy from the writer who claims that research done showed that use technology appears that excessive could wire our brains in a negative way if kept unchecked. In a nutshell, we fully agree with the authors that technology is making us crazy. We always spend a lot to a greater extent hours looking at the screen than doing any amour else over 24 hours in daily lives. Hence, we should be apprehensive about the state of our mental health. Lastly, as they say, every good thing is complemented by something bad.I strongly agree with the authors view that more phones than books in the hands of the young. This is because declareing a expeditious phone is the like a basic right for teens these days. Teens now also cannot live without tender gadgets in their life. For example, they are interested to get new gadgets such as tablets, androids, iPad and others. So, they spend their time more with the handphones and gadgets than books. Besides that, there are mo re phones than books in hands of the young now because the current mobile phones are very trendy and stylish looking, which grabs the attention of the youngsters.For example, mobile phones also have an exceptional camera with large megapixels, that enable them to perceive to music, watch movies, and get or surf the web. Teens like mobile phones because it more than books that have degree centigrade pages for them to read. On the other hand, we also agree with the author that the world is changing including young children. This is because more young children nowadays have their own phones than books. almost of their time are spend with their phones rather than books. They like to play with their phones as phones are interesting, attractive and fun.This is because phones are compiled with games and many cool applications. This bring to the bomb of more beneficial activities such as reading books. Information from books can be obtained through phones as well, especially if teens have wifi in their phones. They are not interested to read books. Beside that, they will get more information quickly through their phones. Such as, facebook, twitter, yahoo messenger, blog and so on only at finger tips. So that, books become a little boring to read for them.If they read through phones, they can listen to music while reading and studying at the same time. It makes they receive more relaxed to read too. In addition, the young now think owning mobile phones can increase their studies without using books. When they need to review books, they do not have to go to the library to find and read books because it is a run off time. They just have to surf the web through their phones to find the information. The latest technology now makes them feel like want to get own gadgets like mobile phones rather than books.

Pacific Hospital Essay

MAJOR FACTSWith the death of Thurston Howell it left Barney rubble in frisson of the purchasing of supplies for peaceful Hospital and their subsidiaries. With this being an important responsibility, Mr. junk needs to make sure that he is making the right decisions regarding the suppliers of roentgenogram put down. His main responsibility is to make sure that he is get goingting the exceed m hotshottary value for quality X-Ray film. A nonher major(ip)(ip) fact is that Kodak has been the furbish up supplier for Pacific Healthcargon for a long epoch and this was due(p) to Mr. Howell and the agreement in place. As the Director of Radiology it was with in his ability to make this decision. The break major fact is that Kodak as part of their determine deal agreed to keep abreast equipment and services at the discounted rate. They would not twisting the resembling package if they were not the touch on suppliers.MAJOR PROBLEMSMr. Howell being the sole authority in station o f making buying decisions is a major flaw. Yes he is the Director of the department, but that does not mean that he is the near knowledgeable regarding the best prices for roentgenogram film. In summarizeition he should not throw had the right to refuse the possibility of other suppliers. Reviewing the appurtenanceal likes provided it appears that Kodak was the highest and make up the hospital amountitional dollars. As noted in the major facts that Kodak was voluntary to do the equipment maintenance and there was also the possibility that the other companies whitethorn wealthy someone considered that also, but was never given the filling. Kodak films are considerably more than expensive than their competitors and this in turn can cost the hospital major dollars fi it is not rectified.POSSIBLE SOLUTIONSa. With the death of Mr. Howell it left Mr. detritus in charge to freely explore other excerptions regarding the purchase of roentgen ray film. Reviewing the current require he can determine whether or not the current fix is the most estimable. Is what Kodak plying worth the price that they are expressly pay? Mr. Rubble could attempt to negotiate a lower pricesince there is already a relationship in place and this could be an advantage. The downside is the price that Kodak would be currently offering would be more expensive than the competition. b. separate options that can be explored is that Mr. Rubble can go with either Kodak or Agfa. They are offering cheaper prices per sheet and this can be an advantage and he cannot go wrong as long as they stay self-consistent with their pricing. The only way that this would be a disadvantage is if Mr. Rubble cannot get the same deal with either DuPont or Agfa that Mr. Howell had secured with Kodak.Kodak was more expensive, but when you add in the other options that Kodak was will to offer it leveled out the expenses and this could be an advantage. c. As an alternative option Mr. Rubble could open up the reduce for bid. In the dictation statement he could include all the services that are presently being offered by Kodak. This includes maintenance, equipment and service at the most inexpensive price. The lowest bid with all the stipulations will get the narrow. d. Advantages speak for themselves. The victor of the contract secures a contract for the length of time specified. The disadvantage could be the length of time that it takes for the bidding process to be completed. In addition it would not have the input of Mr. Howell who has been in charge for some time and has had a reputation.CHOICE AND RATIONALEThe ideal placement would be option A. As Mr. Rubble I would stay with Kodak because there are the sedulousness standard and provide a great deal. Kodak also needs to be made aware that there are other suppliers that could possibly offer the same. It should also be pointed out that the price per sheet is also cheaper. Kodak has a long time relationship with Pacific H ealthcare and if they wish to maintain the relationship it may benefit Kodak to lower their prices to remain competitive. Kodak should be willing to negotiate lower prices to compete in todays parentage and make them competitive. Putting the contract up for competition will add time and energy to the process. If Mr. Rubble remains with Kodak it can unbosom the spare time and energy. It also needs to remind Kodak that there may be other companies that may be willing to offer the same. If the open bidding is implemented who knows how long the process will take and how long the X-ray department will be without services. Sometimes if situationsare working and beneficial it is best to leave them alone.IMPLEMENTATIONFirst line of business would be to examine all the companies and compare all their prices to other companies that offer X-ray film. In addition research the other companies and present them with the same option that is presently being offered by Kodak relating to the mainte nance, equipment and service option. In negotiating with Kodak, I would maintain to them that the other companies are offering similar offers at a lesser price. This may or may not change the current contract that is presently being offered by Kodak. This could force Kodak to change their present contract if they wish to maintain the same relationship with Pacific Healthcare.APPENDIXWhat alternatives should Barney Rubble consider when addressing the problem? Mr. Rubble can simply continue with the present contract that has been on going with Kodak that was implemented by Mr. Howell and continue the same service at the price agreed upon. He could opt to renegociate a whole new contract with other companies or one with Kodak that will lower the services that are now being offered. The last choice would be an open offer and the lowest price bid would win with the best package offer.Should Pacifics purchasing insurance have for medical lag personnel to control purchasing decisions? T he attend to to this question is definitely NO. Pacific should by no convey allow medical personnel to control purchasing decisions. That is the responsibility of emerge chain management and purchasing agents. There are situations where medical module personnel have the specialized technical expertise on a particular item that is purchased. If this is the case then their input can be valuable and should be considered and supported. Both the purchasing agent and medical staff should work together to get the best possible outcome.What are the advantages and disadvantages of staying with Kodak or changing suppliers? The advantages of remaining with Kodak are the fact that they are already in familiar territory. They know what to expect from Kodak andthere would be no surprises. It also seems that Kodak has been giving Pacific a huge discount for the equipment used along with maintenance and service. This offer is part of the agreement that Kodak is the sole supplier for Pacific Hea lthcare X-ray suppliers.An advantage is that the amount time and energy it would save Pacific Healthcare to go through the process all once more and come up with nothing. A disadvantage is that they would continue to pay the high prices instead of opting to explore their options. If the right negotiator is put in charge they may be in a position to get a better deal from another company. This being said will allow Pacific to get from under the thumb of Kodak and save them some currency in the bargain. This will not be realized unless steps are taken to see what other deals can be brought into the mix.What actions could Mr. Rubble have taken prior to Mr. Howells death to obtain reduced film prices? Mr. Howell was the Director of radiology and in most cases his decisions were final. After exploring other options and ground companies that may be willing to give similar deals, Mr. Rubble could have approached Mr. Howell with his findings. Going directly to Kodak while Mr. Howell was alive could have backed fired. by-line the chain of command would have been the best option. If Mr. Howell refused to entertain any of Mr. Rubbles ideas then Mr. Rubble could have gone to the next person in authority to express his concerns. In such a situation Mr. Howell should not have been the final decision maker.ReferencesPacific Healthcare facial expression Study. Retrieved fromhttps//edge.apus.edu/access/content/attachment/215506/assignment/10e59ddi-8f03-44a3-aa6d-61478fa8eef7/case%20study%201%pacific%20health%20care.pdf

Dangerous habits of drivers Essay

Driving a vehicle is a serious way out and requires a great deal of responsibility. Poor brainish habits can suit tragic loss that could have been preventable. By taking a antitank approach to brainish, we could ultimately save someones life or help prevent an accident. To prevent accidents, drivers need to have a accountable attitude and a level of maturity. Driving is a major fate of life but some habits like, employ mobile phone phones, speeding, and drinking and driving could be known as abusing the right of driving.Firstly, talking and texting while driving is a major colony that could ternary to accidents. People spend a big part of their day commuting many use this period to catch up on phone calls or returning messages. getting caught up in a conversation on a cell phone can take up to the loss of focusing. It is hard to be informed of two things at a fourth dimension, but some people move intot realize this because of over confidence. Texting while driving could also lead to loss of control on the car. This most likely happens when one is using both hands to text and is also looking down on the phone.If there is no control of the steering wheel by the driver, the consequences could lead to death. I myself was one of those drivers until my six-year-old son told me once mom you cant use your phone when you are in the car its not safe I was so embarrassed when I heard his junior-grade voice. I asked my son where he had heard this and he said his teacher told them in class. I immediately apologized to my kids and told him he was right and I provide no longer use my phone when Im in the car. There are so many applications for our smartphones that will help with the addiction to talking and texting while driving. Secondly, another bad habit is driving over the speed limit.There is always people running late for appointments, adolescent drivers who feel they have a great deal of experience quarter the wheel, and drivers with fast sports v ehicles who think they have the right to go faster than everyone else. swiftness can cause a driver to receive a ticket, go to court, attend traffic school, and on top of all that, make their amends rates rise. If a driver gets several speeding tickets in a short amount of time, the DMV may suspend the license. When you speed, you have less time to react to unexpected situations. Other drivers have less time to react to your situation.

Background of the Study Essay

In the sweet stratums, mobile phone usage has been in its rapid growth. 80% of the innovations population now has a mobile phone. Based on the statistics, there are 5 billion mobile phones in the creative activity out of which only 1. 08 billion are smartphones. According to the research compiled by GfK Asia, smartphones have taken over the market for mobile handsets in southeastern Asia. Also GfK Asia says that in countries like Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam, Indonesia, Philippines and Cambodia, growth in smartphone use year over year ranged from 40% to as high as cd%.The smartphones market in the Philippines grew the fastest among Southeast Asian countries over the historic year, which also recorded the fastest increase in market component versus feature phones. Most of the mobile phones nowadays are addressed as Smartphone because they just not only provide original telephone features, exactly also various functions that can be done with other devices, such as PDAs or computers.A enormous with the smartphone fundamental capabilities to make voice call, idiot box call, SMS, and MMS, smartphone have been repositioned as a ? new information medium (May & Hearn, 2005). These new functions make smartphones different from regular feature phones. Therefore, the society has slowly locomote their cell phone purchasing decision to smartphone (Min, et al. , 2012). Smartphone technology is inevitably ever-changing peoples behaviors especially young adults using smartphone frequently today.CourseSmart, which is the worlds largest provider of digital course materials and eTextbooks, found that university students cant go long without checking their digital devices, including smartphone, laptop and more (CourseSmart, 2011) University students are very in to checking their accounts in Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, or even sending emails etc. using smartphone with their web partnership feature.Today, students are using their smartphones for nearly ever ything and they consume mobile information more or less everywhere that allows them. Therefore, consumers are highly concern with technologies that they might change their devices from period to time. In other words, due to the advancement of technology devices can be easily replaced. Hence, for the smartphone manufacturers it is essential to know what factors that actually affecting purchase pattern of smartphone among young adults.

Professional Ethics

cartroad head PROFESSIONAL ETHICS lord moral philosophy Donna Noha University of Phoenix Professional ethical motive We as nurses be accountable for our ethical conduct. So what ar ethical motive? How are ethical motive different from our ethical motive? In this paper, I will define what ethics are, describe the significance of professional ethics to nursing pr morselice, summarize the purpose and the contexts of the American Nurses Association (ANA) grave of Ethics, and finally discuss cardinal the provisions of the ANA mark of Ethics. So are morals different from ethics? Morals and ethics are similar.Morals are an individuals belief or personal standard of what is right hand and wrong, whether it is someones conduct, attitude, or character. Ethics can be referred to as beliefs, standards, or morals of a specific group, such as nurses (Blais, Hayes, Kozier, & Erb, 2006). care for praxis has its own professional ethics. The nursing codes of ethics are dinner dress statem ents of standards for professional conduct and inform the public of its commitment. What do nurses do with this codification of Ethics? Nurses have more of a moral responsibility ascribable to having knowledge in a specialized area to help early(a) people.Duties of a nurse are to value and maximize the endurings well-being, even if we are not working. For example, if there is car accident that a nurse witnesses and there are injured people, that nurse has the responsibility to yield act within her nursing skills to help the injured. The significance of ethics in nursing use is very important. Nurses have to think of the clients health, well being, and their morals instead of only of their own. The ANA created the Scope and Standard of Practice, which allow the Nurse Code of ethics. But what does that Code of Ethics entail?The ANA Code of Ethics was designed so that every nurse must act and think certain ways ensuring that the unhurrieds rights are defend as well as the nurs es rights are protected. The Code of Ethics provides rules and standard for nurses to maintain and elicit ethical behavior that is anticipate when practicing nursing in any health care settings. The Code in any case gives guidance for decision making that concerns ethical issues. ( Hooks & White, 2003) The Code of Ethics consists of nine provisions. The first three provisions deal with fundamental value and responsibilities that the nurse assumes.The next three involve the nurses duties to oneself, accountability, and improvement. The digest three discuss the nurses responsibility of professional advancement, collaboration, and the overall concern of human rights (Hooks & White, 2003). Provision two and three of the Code of Ethics for Nurses states the nurses primary commitment is the longanimous and the nurse promotes, advocates for, and strives to protect the health, safety, and rights of the patient. (Blais, Hayes, Kozier, & Erb, 2006) These two provisions fit well together. The main concern is of the patients well being and best interest.This means that the patient is add up one priority for the nurse. The nurse will be that patients advocate and speak on his/her behalf and informs the patient of treatment. For example, when performing minor procedures in my clinic, it is my responsibility to ensure that the patient signs the consent form stating that he/she knows why the procedure is being done, risks and benefits of both the procedure being done or not, and that they have a right to refuse treatment. A lot of the times, the supplier doesnt explain everything, so it is my ethical responsibility to ask questions for the patient so they understand everything.These provisions have ethical principles of nursing practice that apply to each of the nine provisions. Key ethical principles used in provision two and three include autonomy because the nurse respect the patients decisions. Nonmaleficence and beneficence is also key principles in these provisio ns. These two are basic principles of nursing practice. The nurse will have the patients best interest in mind and will do no harm to the patient. In conclusion, I have discussed what professional ethics are and how they are based on morals and the significance in nursing practice.I also discussed that the purpose of the ANA Code of Ethics is to swear out as a standard of practice and that in contains nine provisions. Of those nine, I discussed provision two and three with key principles for those. References Blais, K. , Hayes, J. , Kozier, B. , & Erb, G. (2006). Professional nursing practice Concepts and perspectives. Upper Saddle River, NJ Pearson Education, Inc. Hooks, K. G. & White, G. B. (2003). ANAs code of ethics for nurses with interpretive statements breakaway study module. American Nurses Association. Retrieved June 1, 2009, from http//www. nursingworld. org/mods/mod580/cecdetoc. htm

Roles of Reality in Children’s Literature

The Role of Reality in Childrens writings Anna Scott The Role of Reality in Childrens Literature Historical parable Historical Realism attempts to recreate a reality of the past, to capture the surround of a time gone by and must be fructify at least a generation before the writing of the book. It has the advocator to broaden our horizons, to learn more just about the passel and places of our world by reading about the pastwhere we all came from (Russell, 2009). One such regard asable fabrication, one of the in homoity and sacrilege of World War II and a familys journey by means of it all is Lois Lowrys moment the Stars.Family and cordial Values egress the Stars is an excellent example of historical fiction which deals straightaway with the national socialist regime. Here and there is a bit of violence, suspense and solicitude of the soldiers, but it is mostly a story of gallantry, fortitude, friendship and hope. A four-year-old girl named Annemarie Johanson grows up in occupied Denmark during the Second World War. She learns first-hand about the plight of the Jews in her country when she and her family help her best friend Ellen Rosen and her family get away to Sweden.A soldier appears when the Johansons take Ellen in for one night mend Ellens mother and father are taken to a dear place. Annemarie helps Ellen by hiding her Star of David necklace so the soldiers do non call for it. Ellen pretends to be Annemaries dead sister Lise and is hopeful that the soldiers do not find out. The next day Annemarie, her mother, Annemaries Uncle Henrik and Brother-in-law Peter help Ellen and her family take to the woods to Sweden. During the most intense parts of the book, the cardinal families (Johansons and Rosens) are a great deal put aspect to face with the enemy.At one point, the family is gathered around a coffin along with other families in hopes to meet to discuss futurity events that pull up stakes aid in their safe departure from the c ountry. But when a soldier enters and demands the coffin be opened, the family must decide quick a plan to fool the soldier and to convince him that they are truly grief a death, and not conspiring against the soldiers. Uncle Henrik tells Annemarie It is much easier to be withstand if you do not know everything e only know what we need to know (Lowry, 1989) and Annemarie quickly discovers that it is better to know less than to know the truth, as the fear is so much more apparent when the truth is known. This story is filled with aspects of respect and unity as both families treat each other equally and protect each other, even though Ellens family is Judaic and Annemaries isnt. Ellen and Annemaries friendship is a true testament to how far you will go to protect a friend. Almost every character exemplifies bravery in one way or another.Annemarie does not think she is brave even though she overlyk her Uncle his forgotten lunch and takes on two German soldiers. When Uncle Henrik tells her, Thats all that brave means, not thinking about the dangers. moreover thinking about what you must do (Lowry, 1989), Annemarie learns that being scared or frightened does not mean that one is not brave. Annemarie and her family push through the fears and the unknown to strive for what is right and what they believe in. Literary elements and structural devicesNumber the Stars is a serious yet hopeful story that provides details about wartime experience. Told in third person, Number the Stars reflects a childs view of the Nazi occupation in Denmark. The characters main cultures are Danish, Jewish and German and it is pretended that the characters have traditional gender roles and behaviors. The story is set in the champ against Society conflict where the protagonists are the main characters Annemarie and her family and Ellen and her family and they are against the Nazis values and morals.Number the Stars is a coming of age story about family and close friends that entail s the characters likes, dislikes, struggles and triumphs. Based in fact or History In Number the Stars, Lowry tells of the realistic story of life in Denmark during World War II through the lives of two young girls, but while reading there is not too much evidence that the story is not real. The book tells the true events of the Nazi soldiers in that time period as well as Jewish people becoming targeted by Nazis and others helping them hide.According to Lowry, Number the Stars is a novel that was inspired by a friend who had grown up in Denmark during World War II. It is establish on hours of conversations with her friend and others who experienced the hardships of World War II and in much of her writing Lowry tries to tell the big story by relating downhearted details (Study Guide for Number the Stars (pdf), n. d). Most of her explanation about where the story came from and where fact ends and fiction begins is at the end of the book in the Afterword.Here she explains that she ha d always been fascinated and moved by her friends descriptions not only of the individualized deprivation and sacrifices that her family and neighbors suffered through but the courage and integrity of the Danish people and the leadership of the kind they loved, Christian X (Study Guide for Number the Stars (pdf), n. d). Reading this afterword, adds an element to the story that you thought was already there. You back tooth soft identify the time, place and discover the families while you are shown examples of honor, hope, friendship, bravery and courage all knowing that portions of the story have a small glimmer of truth.Summary We read realism because we are interested in the lives of the characterstheir loves, fears, likes, dislikes, struggles, and triumphs. What we learn is that human beings of different times and places have a great deal in common (Russell, 2009). In Number the Stars, there are lessons of friendship, honor, respect, unity, and bravery at bottom the story. Loi s Lowry gives us a moving story that shows us in the face of Nazi bigotry and hatred, honor and hope still prevail. We are told that we can learn from the past, that we can avoid the same mistakes however, covering it up does not erase it.Being ignorant only leaves us unprepared for the future so we should not only uncover the horrors of the past, but also show the glories as well. References EBOOK COLLECTIONRussell, D. L. (2009). Literature for children A short introduction (6th ed. ). Boston, MA Pearson/Allyn & Bacon. Lowry, L. (1989). Number the Stars. New York, New York Houghton Mifflin Books for Children. Study Guide for Number the Stars (PDF). (n. d. ), Retrieved from http//www. glencoe. com/sec/ publications/litlibrary/pdf/number_the_stars. pdf

My drama group comprised Essay

My drama group comprised of five people including myself. We set disclose to create an improvised piece of drama, thematically based on greed, love, betrayal, resent and strike back. During the time spent preparing for our improvisation, we came across many sources that had an immense influence on our piece. In order to appropriately progress with the run across, we had to research the blusher elements within the sources to which were relevant to our context.As it was an improvised outturn we did not follow a set script but created a basic guideline from which we could impact to and en sufficient us to keep on track. Our research into these sources was definitely bare in our final performance, which was acted out in front of our drama set. In this essay, I intend to compare our improvised piece of drama with the sources we apply in order to point out the similarities and illustrate the inspiration we displace from them.During the course of producing our goldbrick, we used the well-known novel and recently filmed The expect of four-card monte Cristo to draw influence on certain scenes, which clearly showed up in our final production. The plot of the Count of Monte Cristo is also thematically based upon betrayal, love, greed, envy and revenge. As a young sailor, Edmond Dantes, an honest and small-scale man whose peaceful life and plans to marry his wife Mercedes are sunk when his supposed best friend, Vernand, betrays him in order to get Mercedes for himself. Edmond is unjustly sentenced to an island prison after macrocosm framed by Vernand for high treason and is confine in a nightmare for thirteen years.This key element is clearly apparent in our piece of drama, as Fernando, a rich and no-hit man soon to wed his Fiance Victoria, is betrayed by his two unavailing friends who envy his wealth and is cast away by them to a creaky island. Obviously we have shared and incorporated the same basic ideas and themes in order to create an improvis ed piece of our own.A similar chassis is followed in the theme of revenge. In the Count of Monte Cristo Edmond is aided by an elderly and wise inmate whom he learns from and the two plot to flight from prison but only Edmond succeeds and returns to his mainland execute revenge on those who wronged him, chthonic the title of a mysterious Count of Monte Cristo.We too were able draft the theme of revenge into our play. Fernando is aided by a castaway on the island who helps him survive and teaches him how to fight. Eventually, he escapes back to his homeland only if and executes revenge on his old friends using his new skills. This worked effectively in our production and formed the backbone plot to our final improvisation. Both the periods of the Count of Monte Cristo and our play is set in the mid seventeenth century so more research had to be done to make our characters realistic.Another key source that we researched carefully to progress with our island scene was the film, ne glect Away. In this movie, a man is cast away to a deserted island where he is laboured to learn how to survive for only one reason, his love for his wife. This inspired our play as the only things which Fernando wants to live for when he is on the island is to see his wife again and to execute revenge on his friends who betrayed him.We used the idea of being abandoned alone from home on an island but we incorporated a companion to our main character, Dartanion, who had been living on the island for more than seven years. explore into his characters speech, movement, body language etc was essential as we could not comprehend how somebody would be like after living alone on an island for seven years and therefore looking into movie of Cast Away was very useful.These two sources were our main areas of influence. However we did look into the genuine story Robinson Crusoe where a civilized man meets a savage and teaches him how to be train. In the case of our play, a savage man teac hes a civilised man to be more savage and the basic survival skills. We do it a point to show the character development of Fernando in terms of acting and the on stage relationship between the two.In conclusion, our play was a joint extract of all these sources combined with our own indication and improvisation.

The Hexadecimal Company

The Hexadecimal Company I. Problems A. Macro 1. Company resistance to change. 2. Us versus them view of practicians forms companys viewpoint. B. Micro 1. Professor/external practitioner ended similarly soon did not provide direction or continuity. 2. In-group image perpetuated by OD group. 3. President too involved in details at beginning. 4. Internal consulting group was mostly outsiders and not received by the company at large. 5. OD group had little familiarity with record of firm (except maybe George Kessler). 6.OD program too ostentatious and too pricy for company. 7. Lack of unity in purpose and techniques within OD group. 8. Kay and Indars isolation from others and closeness to president had negative effects in OD group. 9. Budgeting not clarified at beginning. 10. Evaluation late 1 year later and then almost a do or analyse evaluation. II. Causes 1. Group too cohesive and creates images of in-group. 2. Fancy atmosphere perpetrated. 3. President too involved at first. 4 . Company not prepared for OD and its of necessity and purposes. . OD groups consisted almost entirely of outsiders. III. Systems affected 1. Structural changing whom the OD group reports to will only confuse purpose and goals Blake is not prepared. 2. Psychosocial the OD group has caused at least as much antagonism as it has good results. 3. Technical no reference to OD groups effectiveness. 4. Managerial too top-down thus far. 5. Goals and values No distinction that the company including top management (other than the OD group) knew or bought-in to the OD program.It was mediocre a management training program. IV. Alternatives 1. custody as is. 2. Put at a lower place Blake. 3. Have professor help organize and budget for OD. V. Recommendations Alternative leash with central contact person and clear budget. If size of Hexadecimal allows, advert OD a separate department with its own vice president. Keep reporting to president but keep him personally removed from specific decisions. Also, make reports to the executive committee and gain their support. Bring several pedigree employees into OD.

Baccalaureate Nurses vs. Associate Nurses Essay

Is having a baccalaureate Degree in treat (BSN) rectify than an assistant Degree in Nursing (ADN)? Why should she-goats get a BSN? Many prevails ask themselves these questions. Hospitals ar pushing for take ins to advance their education. If there is an ADN nurse and BSN nurse applying for the same position most likely the BSN nurse will bring the job before the ADN nurse because the additional course plough enhances the students professional development, prepares the new nurse for a broader scene of practice, and stands the nurse with a fall apart understanding of the cultural, political, economic, and social issues that affect perseverings and yield health anxiety delivery (Ameri buttocks Association of Colleges of Nursing, p.1). Different bringing up Routes for imbibesDiploma graduates, connect graduates, and baccalaureate graduates are the three education routes for licensures of sop ups. correct though all three programs sit for the same National Counci l Licensure mental test for Registered Nurses (NCLEX-RN), this exam verifies only minimal competency to provide unhazardous, basic alimony (Haverkamp & Ball, 2013, p. 144). ADN vs. BSN CompetenciesMany say that Associate nurses are trained strictly on clinical skills, whereas Baccalaureate programs emphasize evidence-based clinical practice and leadership done course work that includes research, statistics, population-based care, nursing management, and the humanities (Haverkamp & Ball, 2013, p. 144).This meaning that, Baccalaureate nurses receive training that allows them to look at the whole picture, like why and how things come out and what they can do to prevent them. Associate nurses as a piece of the Health Care Team, refer long-sufferings and their families to resources that facilitate continuity of care health promotion, maintenance,and homecoming and ensure confidentiality (Texas Board of Nursing).Whereas a Baccalaureate nurse as a Member of Health Care Team, use m ultiple referral resources for patients, families, populations, and communities, considering make up confidentiality effectiveness and efficiency of care continuity and continuum of care and health promotion, maintenance, and restoration (Texas Board of Nursing). Patient Care SituationAn ensample in the discrepancy of education between Baccalaureate nurses and Associate nurses is shown here. The patient was admitted for Diabetic Ketoacidosis, non taking home medicinal drug because he was homeless and lacked health insurance. Nurse A, admitted this patient and cared for the patient for three days. On the third day the patient was to be discharged, keep in mind this patient came to the hospital because he is a Type 1 diabetic and was admitted for Diabetic Ketoacidosis and was not taking any of his insulin because he could not afford them.Upon Nurse A telling the patient he was going to be discharge the patient became irritated and started to become angry and stated I am homeless, how am I suppose to pay for my medications that I need, and I will middling come right back to the hospital because I wont be able to take any of my medications. Nurse A, being an Associate nurse thought to herself what am I suppose to do? Nurse A then stated to the patient The sterilize has discharged you so you are medically stable to leave. Nurse A explained to the patient that the doctor wrote prescriptions for him to take and fill so that way the patient would corroborate his medication. over again the patient stated How am I suppose to pay for my medication if I am homeless and have no money.Nurse A was stuck in what she needed to do. So during morning rounds with Case Management Nurses which retain a BSN, Nurse A expressed the patients concerns and their response was well allow us take a look at every resource that we have and maybe we can voucher his medication for one calendar month and possible sign him up for some type of health care that will help him with his ins ulin and other medications that he needed. The next thing the Baccalaureate nurse did was go into the patients room asked a diverseness of questions and came back out of the room and told Nurse A, that the patient qualifies for state health insurance and that she will work on the vouchers for his medication for a month.The Baccalaureate nurse explained to the Associate nurse that she would have togo further up in the chain of command to get the medications vouchered. The Baccalaureate nurse besides gave the patient resources that would help him with his troubles in life, examples were housing for the homeless, churches that donate clothes and pabulum to the homeless. What if the Nurse had a BSN?If the nurse taking care of this patient had a BSN they would have started to collaborate with the Case Manager round vouchering his medications and helping him recall health insurance upon admission. Examples of what the Baccalaureate nurse would do are pay back resources for the patie nt for food, shelter and health insurance on the day the patient was admitted, or have made a case management referral. Whereas the Associate nurse was focused on treating the patients and the illness and verifying and following the doctors orders.This is an example of how a Baccalaureate nurse was able to apply leadership and decisive thinking skills while the Associate nurse was unable to. The Associate nurse struggled with the situation that arisen on the day of discharge. For the three days the Associate nurse had the knowledge base to treat the patient illness taking fund sugars, administering insulin and bringing the patient back to holistic level of wellness. ConclusionIn conclusion, it is important for all nurses to further their education. Baccalaureate nurses can provide better care for their patients and educate their patients about their disease process in judgment and use the resources available to all nurses. They are also able to provide better patient outcomes thro ugh their advanced knowledge.Baccalaureate nurses also have opportunities for career advancement in all sorts of different positions whereas the Associate nurses are most likely staying in patient care areas. Baccalaureate nurses can move up and work as Nurse Managers, Case Managers, calibre Management and Infection Control. The encouragement for all nurses to advance their education is a quality step in the right direction for delivering excellent and safe patient care.ReferencesAmerican Association of Colleges of Nursing. The Impact of Education on Nursing Practice. (n.d). Retrieved fromhttp//www.aacn.nche.edu/media-relations/fact-sheets/impact-of-education Haverkamp, J. J., & Ball, K. (2013, August). BSN 10 What is Your Opinion? AORN Journal, 98(2), 144-152. http//dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aorn.2013.06.006 Texas Board of Nursing. (December 2011). Differentiated Essential Competencies of Graduates of Texas Nursing Programs. Retrieved from http//www.bon.texas.gov/about/pdfs/delc-2010.pd f

The Coexistence of Life and Death in Baraka, by Ron Fricke

The coexistence of life and closing in Baraka, by Ron Fricke Why do people crowd a metropolis and create problems for themselves? In 1992, Ron Fricke released the film Baraka, a film with no dialogue, and an excite soundtrack played over provocative scenes, typically comparing natural populace in their habitat to human damage and crowding. In two scenes, a big, dirty a character referencement complex is shown in contrast to a large, snotty cemetery, creating juxtaposition between the two. In the first scene, there are legion(predicate) buildings, showing that as the world population increases, conditions worsen as populace fight for space.The Kowloon walled city has a twisting series of stairways, alleys, and cat walks. These buildings, imprisoned around an old military fort, are all at least 10 stories high, and dotted with clothes lines, water barrels and trash. The site was evicted and demolish in 1992. In the distance, a bustling city pays no solicitude to the stained, d irty concrete buildings, where 33,000 occupants face daily scantiness in 250 shape foot apartments. What is the result of such overcrowding? The industrial revolution of the 19th ascorbic acid showed us the answer. A substantial amount of residents lived around the factories, to shorten their commute.As population density increased, conditions soon became deplorable. To solve this problem, 19th century leading introduced public transportation, which spread people out, and created a sustainable environment. In a following scene, the camera pans out to La Ciudad Blanca, Ecuador, an enormous grave yard, with multi direct complexes of dirty white graves. Each grave has a personal adornment, from their love ones. From candles to pictures, the decorations make every box look a little much humanized. It is strangely beautiful, with the messages and the grass growing through cracks in the pavement.This scene shows that as a world, when we get overcrowded, we must overcrowd other aspec ts of life. This really shows that death is a part of life as life is a part of death. These two juxtaposed scenes show how overcrowding is an issue and its hard to tack together a face on a statistic. The idea of putting a huge city and a huge cemetery together makes a point, that the present city solution has been adopted in cemeteries. The wheel of poverty comes into play, when so more are trapped in one place, with no room to improve they end up in the same billet after life, and leave their children in the same rut.This idea was explored in Sandra Cisneross book, The House on Mango Street, where Esperanza realizes the only way out of the cycle is through hard lend and higher education. The film Baraka teaches us many lessons, including the fact of overcrowding, and the harm it has caused, and will cause. In the walled city, thousands of people went without basic sanitation, and lived in 250 square feet or less, often working all day to interpret for there families. When t rapped in this cycle, you will end up in the same state of poverty as you were in during life. Hard work is the key of success and getting out of poverty.

A study on Key Leadership Qualities of a Project Manager

Origin of the fib This notify idea was initiated by the honor up to(p) carry instructor of firearmuriency Management as a part of course expiration of MBA program at the Institute of Business Administration, Gangrening University. Specific guidelines were earmarkd by the instructor to conduct the memorize for academic purpose. 1. Objectives of the Report The offset-string objective of the study was to fulfill the requirement of the course module as per the guideline by the instructor that leads to attaining the following specific objectives. Identify and prise the construe execution in terms of cartridge holder, personify and military mathematical operation. Identify incompatible chance on aspects of the redact buss characteristics that influence the project triumph. 1. 3 Methodology This report has been developed in context of exploratory research.To prepargon this report, both(prenominal) qualitative and quantitative methods pass water been employ. Persona l inter nonion with the project carry awayr with the help of a outfit merged questionnaire was key instrument. Therefore the sample size was comprised of angiotensin-converting enzyme mavin individualistic, the project conductor. Personal observation has been one of the key methods that applied o analyze the entropy accumulated. 1. 4 Source of Data Both primary and secondary data heart-to-heart been apply for analysis in this report. The data sources be descri bottom of the inning as follows. 1. 4. Primary Data Semi structured questionnaire interview with the project coach-and-four was conducted where different aspects of the project were mentioned and asked almost to evaluate the specific aspects of project accomplishment in terms of meeting the feel standards required. Moreoer a structured questionnaires establish on five insinuate scale was used to evaluate the project managers leadership role in accomplishing the project success wide-cuty. 1. . 2 Secondary Data T he secondary data was calm down from the electronic ne twainrksite of related entities.Some previous publications and Journals in the related field suck in been used as a guideline to develop the context. 1. 5 Scope of the Report This report was an out keep down of extensive chemical group work that leave provide guidelines for future related works. As the work was unpar onlyeled in record and the aspect is specific, it is expected to provide a guideline for the evaluation of per clayance of a project and the project manager in future. 1. 6 Limitations diametrical limitations were tackled during the report preparation and the collection of ATA.Some of them allow in, Limited time to prep atomic number 18 the unscathed report Facing difficulties to manage the appointment with the project manager As the project was accomplished earlier aggroup members were spitted and non avail able in concert Getting the financial was an opposite challenge as per the restrictions by the policy of the p atomic number 18nt organization Chapter 2 The drop Details 2. 1 The take to Detail 2. 1. 1 Construction of the MACH Building Dacha Shania Mission as part of the total project took the initiative in 2001 to opened a malignant neoplastic disease detection & Treatment Center at Murmur, Dacha.In course of its progress it is owe a 42 bed crabmeat in unwaveringlyary with required operation facilities, Chemotherapy, X-Ray and Imaging facilities. A team up of experienced and dedicated crab louse specia nominates and general physicians argon working in that location to provide health service of process at a reasonably low approach. Here degage work argon offered to misfortunate and ultra poor patients. In the year 2008 the infirmary continues to provide health c be services, specially to crabby person patients, with some overseerfluous facilities. Ultimately the dream materialized into reality and a formulate was made to reconstruct a 500 bed Cancer hospi tal at a staggering cost of 2. 56 billion press (SIS$ 36. 7 million). The wide dozen story infirmary designed by a US based architectural firm Design Alliance f Baltimore, got started its construction with radical laid by the then Prime Minister of Bangladesh, Begum Chalked Aziza, on tenth July 2004 on a 3 acre land at the bank of the river inform in Attar Model T avouch in the Capital. The location is about 5 Km from Aziza International Airport and the construction in full gear started on 16th July 2005. This 450,000 self-colored feet 13 storied hospital is expected to open in late 2009 with about 200 yard bird beds, Outpatient department with about 40 Examination/consultation Rooms, Medical Imaging,Pathology, working(a) Suite, Radiotherapy Department, non-international Cardiac and Neuron diagnostics, Day C ar and the requisite hold up services. By 2010 all 500 beds are expected to be operational. At that time, based on beneficial utilization, Shania Mission Cancer & ec umenic Hospital is project to provide over clx,000 days of inpatients care and cater to over 180,000 outpatients annually saving approximately SIS$ 13 million annually. 30% services of the hospital get out be available free for the poor patients. DAM is raising funds from general public as repointspring as from the corporate sector.There are special provisions for potential donors to frequenter sundry components of the hospital. One cigarette donate to constitute in his/her own name or dear ones name to name a bed/beds, a ward/wards, a cabin/cabins, operation theatres. There are specified rates for each type of dedicated areas of inscription which will be inscribed distinctly as per wish of the donor. Keeping in line with Dacha Shania Missions dedication to Divine and Humanitarian services Shania Mission Cancer and world-wide Hospital will be a big jump forward to provide service to humanity by redressing the suffering of the ail patients, especially evokecer patients.Inter national Hospital Group (GIG), a I-J based consulting firm with vast experience in medical equipment consultancy has been entrusted with the clientele to furnish the equipment ag barum IEEE equipments and furniture purpose floor and room wise of AMIGA to cater to the fill and suitability of the patients and users. Considering the huge cost of modern quality treatment for cancer and our commitment to provide with poor and drivey patients 30% treatment facilities free of cost, deep thought has been given to make Shania Mission Cancer and General Hospital a viable and cost- effective project with the motto of No-profit-No-Loss.Due fri subvertliness has as puff up(p) as been given to the point that some cancer patients will come with other diseases which will need to be treated at the selfsame(prenominal) hospital for practical reason. Also considering the reality to keep specialist doctors including ambitious and career conscious young doctors there is possibly no other alte rnative other than opting for create a Medical College in future. In consideration of this vital factors, provision for general treatment facilities fork out been kept at AMIGA. Moreover, there is a plan to establish a breast feeding Institute in future. Building on the ideas of the fo infra SuffixSaint Hazard khan Buddha Channels (Ramshackle Awhile), Dacha Shania Mission embarked on establishing a modern cancer hospital where world-class treatment will be available. Shania Mission Cancer and General Hospital is one of major projects to disturb cancer in Bangladesh. So far, super-structures of thirteen storey plus two basements of this fifteen-storey hospital building have a bun in the oven been completed. The construction of Radiotherapy Vault and other essential works are now going on for inaugurating the first phase of the hospital with 160 beds by the fand so forth up of 2013.However, the POD, Radiation Therapy Unit, Day Care burden and Diagnostic Facilities have been s cheduled to start functioning at the end of 2012. mend Plot3, Sector 10, Embankment Drive carriage Attar Model Town, Dacha-1230, Bangladesh. Land commonwealth 3 Acres shed follow US$. 47. 29. O Gob. compliment Obtained Architect Design Alliance, 1921 York Road, Baltimore, MD 21093 USA Emailemailprotected Com Cons. Period 2005- 201 5 Started July, 2005 Expected Completion Phase I with 175 beds by end 2013 and complete with 500 beds in 2015.The POD, Radiation Therapy Unit, Day Care Centre and Diagnostic Facilities have been scheduled to start functioning at the end of 2012. A modern cancer care hospital building is under construction at present. The building has been designed by Architect Mr. cheating Lam, a professional hospital architect registered in the USA . 2. 2 Overview of the Construction Company The project was accomplished by Associated Builders muckle (BBC) Limited, a private limited company established in 1972, which designs and constructs industrial projects, brid ges, Jetties, harbor, roads and buildings of all types.The company has gained considerable reputation in tackling Civil engineering science experiences which require peccadillo experience and up-to-date technological knowledge in the respective field since its incorporation. 2. 2 The take care Budget and Actual burn down Chapter 3 Evaluation of the Overall see Performance 3. 1 depth psychology of Background and Scheduling Ultimately the dream materialized into reality and a plan was made to construct a 500 bed Cancer Hospital at a staggering cost of 2. 56 billion take (SIS$ 36. 97 million). The thirteen story hospital designed by a US based architectural firm Design Alliance f Baltimore.The location is about 5 Km from Aziza International Airport and he construction in full gear started on 16th July 2005. This 450,000 square feet 13 storied hospital To construct such a super project Shania Mission demand an expert constructor who has experience in such large public project . In 2009 Shania Mission asked for open ardent for the project where most of the countrys largest Civil Constructors Joined. By evaluating the proposal the project goes to Associated Builders Corporation Ltd (BBC) for the Civil Contract. The Contract was awarded in two phase. First, one was the construction of basement and first 4 stories.And the est. of the 13 stories of the building were constructed in the second phase. The galvanizing and wiring was withal embarrassd in the project. 3. 2 Evaluation the Project in terms of Cost This section should provide a comparability of the substantial costs of the external consultancy with the agreed contract value. Where there is a variation (upwards or downwards) among agreed contract value and actual costs DIP must(prenominal) be informed. In cases where the actual cost exceeds the cost approved by DIP an explanation must also be provided. Initial Approval Cost BIT. 650000000 Contract loot Cost BIT. 800000000 Actual Cost BIT. 00000 000 Percentage Variation between Contract Award Cost & Actual Cost 38% Explanation of variation in costs The reason female genitals the over running the initial intend cost was due to change of the price of material most notably Steel, Rod, Cement and other raw material for the construction project. The reason behind increased steel price was due to global over carry of steel because of Beijing Olympic. The cost over running created a disable in project progress. The cost proposal had to be overwritten and renegotiated. This also created reckon deficit for Shania Mission as fountainhead profit minimization of BBCCorporation Limited. 3. 3 Evaluation the Project in terms of Performance 3. 3. 1 estimate of Deliverables This section should provide detail on what was delivered by the consultants. The extent to which projected deliverables, as outlined in the Terms of Reference, were met by the consultants, and the quality should be assessed. On beone-half of Shania Mission a projec t in-charge was appointed whose Job was to varan and supervise the construction project as a overall basis. His Job actually was limited to Consultancy and supervision On behalf of BBC a project unionize is appointed.He has the executive duties of overall project. Apart from skillful aspects, he had to oversee cost human resource perplexity inside the project. The assessment of project used to take place week wise. Upon the approval of Shania Mission engineer circular is paid monthly basis. 3. 3. 2 Assessment of Benefits The original date of terminate the project was revised several quantify mainly because of the funding issues on behalf of Shania Mission. Reasons of delays usually occurred due to payment issues. Apart from that some tactical delays at engineering works were not uncommon.Both cases the prudent party has to adjust the tumult The purpose originally intended the consultancy assignment were to do the Job expeditiously and effectively. Because of the BBC Constru ction Limiters effective role the contract was extended for second phase. Chapter 4 Analysis of the Project tutors Leadership Role 4. 1 The Role of Project double-decker in Contemporary Organizations In brief we need to mum project monitoring role of the PM. Actually, the role & responsibilities of a Project four-in- buy the farm is little complex and needs to be explained elaborately in clear terms for each project.Let us list down few essential roles & responsibilities of a Project Manager. * The Project Manager is the person responsible for managing the project. *The Project Manager is the person responsible for accomplishing the project objectives within the constraints of the project. He is responsible for the outcome (success or failure) of the project. *The Project Manager is involved with the planning, controlling and monitoring, and also managing and directing the delegate project resources to best meet project objectives. The Project Manager controls and monitors trip le scope, time and cost(quality also)-?in managing competing project requirements. The Project Manager examines the organizational culture and determines whether project management is recognized as a valid role with accountability and authority for managing the project. *The Project Manager collects metrics data(such as baseline, actual values for costs, schedule, work in progress, and work completed) & reports on project progress and other project specific information to stakeholders. *The Project Manager is responsible for identifying, monitoring, and responding to risk. The Project Manager is responsible to the project stakeholders for delivering a projects objectives within scope, schedule, cost, and quality. *The reporting structure of a Project Manager depends on organizational structure. He may reports to a Functional Manager or to a Program Manager. In a bit exaggerating terms, Project Manager is the God of his project and he is the one who decides the success of the projec t. 4. 2 Criteria of a sure-fire Project Manager 4. 2. 1 Leadership Leadership is identified one by one from management, as leadership is more of a temper singularity whereas management is a learned skill.I recognize this is not a common view as many multitude and companies espouse courses in teaching adhering. Here, I am identifying people who can prompt others as projects are grand endeavors, which invariably have points where the success of the project stocks to the project manager who can keep the team motivated and get them aside the viscous problems observed on nearly every project. MS also have to instill self-reliance in both their teams and the manager(s) to whom they report. As stated before, projects are long and difficult endeavors, which have plenty of challenges.When these challenges arise, MS who are able to maintain the confidence of all interested parties have more success. When the confidence in the PM is shaken, executives tend to provide additional assi stance to the teams that is a sure sign of lost confidence and adds additional effort to the project. The group of engineers will ascertain independently producing a fragmented solution. People in general bring a set of implicit assumptions. These assumptions are not typically in the forefront of their minds except exist due to their flavor experiences both personalizedly and professionally.These assumptions then drive the set of solutions they are able to envision. When a PM is able to identify these implicit assumptions, validate their relevance to the unique project, then challenge them if need be, transgress solutions to problems are identified. These better solutions may be quicker and less risky to implement, require fewer resources or less highly skilled resources, or have a better impact on the chore. Leading refers to carrying out the project plan in order to achieve the project objectives. Leading the project is one of the more challenging aspects for new project ma nagers because it involves a lot of delicate skills. Skills such as communicating clearly, team motivation, and conflict resolution. Some key duties for eating projects imply, Setting team direction Coordinating activities across different organizational functions Motivating team members Assigning work personality singularity whereas management is a learned skill. I recognize this is not a the business. 4. 2. 2 Management Skills On all projects, there is a impermanent amount of administration that occurs and this to me is the management of the project. The management component of project or program management requires multiple skills as well as traits.The traits include the ability to organize. Projects inherently have lots of moving parts from end users and pompons with thoughts, to technicians who have mercenary applications to configure or code to write, to test teams and phase managers who have plans and backbend support systems to bring on line. All of these disparate gro ups must be brought together and coordinated so the project can track down forward and flattually complete. The ability to organize the multiple teams is a personality trait inherent is palmy program and project managers.We also have to organize at a deeper level when dealing with the technology. The task of building a Work Breakdown Structure WEBS) is a feat in organization when done well. Not only do business and technical executives have to commiserate both the strategy and tasking scarce also the technicians who will perform the work. Laying out a structure that is understood by both disparate sets of people is difficult at best. Now include the capability to track progress in a meaningful way for both groups and the need for deep organizing trait is paramount.Closely related is the ability to plan, to look to how a project will come together. Planning also includes what deliverables are needed, how and when to evolve test plans, how many test plans are needed, what metric s are needed, and which resources execute which tasks in connective with each other. All of these are unique to each situation as the Statement of Work (SOW) or Project Charter is unique as well as the scope undertaken and the resources assigned to the project. The ability to manage both your own time and the time of those working for you is critical.Projects have so many distractions making it very easy to head down a rabbit hole that derails the project. These typically happen during the emergence phases but can also occur at any phase. opposed to popular belief, the highest risk time off project is the beginning and not the end. Many time I use an analogy of catching a wave for a surfer. This is analogous to setting the scope and planning phases off project. Once you catch the wave, the time to the beach is out of your hands as the wave is going at its own speed.You can make some moves that will have some impact on the timing but the base timing is already defined. Successful project managers take their time in planning and resist the temptation to get starting developing because time is short. Each project has numerous options on how to approach the work. It is this approach which is analogous to catching the right wave, that has the most dramatic impact on project timing and success. Setting the priorities for individuals and managing to those priorities becomes a main activity during the mass of the project. This requires the PM to handle multiple tasks at the same time.The moment the first task is delegated, the PM is multi-tasking. If an individual tries to handle all tasks themselves, a project of any size is at risk. On a typical commercial parcel implementation, I will have the following threads open ) software configuration, 2) interface development, 3) conversion or data migration development, 4) custom software development, 5) communication with sponsors, 6) communications with consulting company management and sales, 7) project tracking a nd monitoring, and 8) potentially open core product issues or enhancement.The ability to manage your time, multi-task, and manage the teams time is a critical skill. All projects include the use of teams. These teams include resources for which the PM has direct responsibility and other resources for which the PM does not have responsibility. All of these teams must come together and work toward the common intention of completing the project. The team will consist of not only these individuals but also the managers of the matrixes resources as they potentially have competing goals. The ability to create and motivate teams becomes a determining factor in the success of Ms. . 2. 3 communication Skills The ability to communicate in both written and verbal form both up and down the management chain is a astray known required skill. In the previous paragraphs and going forward the moment of communication skills Jumps off the summon. Let me delve into a couple of areas that are not a s widely held. The first is with whom MS communicate. I have mentioned the need to discuss topics with business and technical leaders as well as the technicians but what is also needed is the ability to define or clarify technical or business problems to the opposite group.Many times on a project I will come across a particularly difficult technical issue that either impacts the dates or is a risk to those dates. Naturally, both the technical and business leaders want to derive the problem. Given it is a technical issue in his case, discussing technical issues with technical people is easier than helping a business leader understand why the web application crashes because of Java Virtual Machine OVUM) Heap is timid and why this is a problem given the SCOFF Just buy the farm dollars increasing the memory on the application server.These are important topics for them to understand as well as the opposite. Helping the technicians understand why a unspoiled technical solution has dir e consequences for the business side of the house. MS are also knowledge conduits. They should ensure that information from one team gets to all the other teams that need it. As project schedules get nigh and the tension begins to increase, many people naturally focus on their tasks at hand to become more efficient and get their work done. A great thing for that individual task but what happens when the other teams need information from this one group and cannot get it.The other tasks naturally fall behind so the project falls behind. The PM that stays in touch with what all groups are going and moves the information between groups can more effectively keep all tasks moving and avoids disconnects when the right hand is not talking to the left hand. 4. 2. Foresight and Vision Some people have the innate ability to see the future. I am not talking about crystal balls or palm readers but a common sense for the direction the project is headed and the ability to see risks and envision how all the elements of a project will come together in the end.I alluded to this design in the planning section and it applies here as well. In conjunction with planning is the skill of defining goals for individuals that are in sync with the plan. In my post, Staying on Schedule, I spoke about intermediate milestones and mint-crisis as a mechanism for maintaining a schedule. The ability to foresee, define, and articulate these goals goes a long way toward staying on schedule and being successful. Risk management is a key aspect of successful projects and is in many instances not well received as an integral part off project.In many organizations and as an attempt to manage time, organizations only deal with issues and not risks. Many times, I have highlighted risks to be told we will deal with it when it becomes a problem. The personality trait to envision a risk and the capability to address the risk are key elements to success. 4. 2. 5 Pragmatic As MS we are everlastingly in t he situation of making choices. Usually all day is spend making trade off choices between competing forces. There are times when we have to make a choice a deliverable is good enough, not perfect but good enough as it meets the business objectives.The prime example comes when dealing with the speed at which application pages are rendered. I routinely hear from end users and sponsors that I want the page to be as fast as possible. From a conceptual standpoint, this makes sense as speed of page rendering translates into efficiency of workers and eventually money. profuse as possible does not mean get 6 Cray super computers for my solution or that I want sub second solution time on a page that is making two web service calls and returning a three table Join query.Clearly, incomplete is going to happen. What was meant was to increase the speed until it reaches a good brace between cost, time and speed. This is not a straightforward decision. The technician would ask for the perform ance requirements so they know the solution to build the businessperson wants a reasonable cost so the PM is in the position to determine what is good enough. The balance point falls to the PM and ragtime is key. Conflict is also a common occurrence on projects.It can be between two technicians, the test team, developers, the business people, etc. The ability to work through issues and even decide on what issues to engage is something critical to success. People can be passionate about what they believe in so getting past these points of contention whether it be negotiating a resolution, facilitating the discussion or deciding which battles to fight becomes important to success. 4. 2. 6 Can do attitude In our world, there are people whose glass is half full and those whose glass is half empty.The perspective on adversity, challenges, and dealing with people GAO long way toward success in a work environment that typically includes strict deadlines, changing requirements, heavy budge t pressure and big business impacts when the project does not go well. A can do and positive attitude is a personality trait that serves MS well dealing with adversity, the high-pressure situations, team building, and leadership. Finding this personality trait in a person serves them well in the profession of Program and Project Management.In addition to the above list of skills ND traits, I would add a personality trait of cool and thoughtful under pressure. Projects are intense, long, and difficult activities that have periods of time when the PM is under significant pressure due to impending deadlines, difficult issues, etc. People are also very passionate and so the PM is typically under a lot of pressure and must be able to think on their feet and remain thoughtful during the intense times. It is these times when PM can easily lose the confidence of management or their teams, lose control of scope, or any number of other occurrences that negatively impact the project. . 2. 7 Di squalifications There are three inputs above that would not agree with 1. Being completely obsessed with the Client. Client focus to a degree is a very good thing. In situations where the project manager is also managing a team and a contract then a proper balance between these many times competing agendas enables the project manager to not only meet the client goals but also individual and company goals. In these situations, the project manager has multiple people and organizations to which they report and must meet he goals of each individual and organization simultaneously to be successful. . Being an extrovert Due to the need for extensive interaction with people, extroverts typically have these skills inherently. Individuals who straddle the introvert/extrovert category can also be successful as they can communicate and operate in the people centric situations. Strict introverts who prefer to work alone and on individual tasks will struggle in the PM role. 3. Displaying perso nal courage (lead from the front) In my previous post, we discuss the relative timing of tether from the front and jack.Different situations dictate assuming each style so both are needed and not just leading from the front. The personality traits and skills needed for project managers to be successful are varied. When interviewing PM candidates and identifying internal candidates for a PM role, these people centric traits and skills seems far more influential factors in the success of PM. What may be interesting to many people is the wishing of technical expertise as a main contributor to success. Certainly, technical and business expertise is needed for a project to be successful

Maintaining Reliability

If you do your patoising online you will find that occasionally when you go to access your compute information, it is sometimes not availableusually during odd hours of the night or early morning. An error message may appear on the riddle advising you that the information requested is not currently available due to formation concern. Later, when get back online to check on your measure, all of your account information, such as balance and items posted, has been updated.With something as important as finances, the depend index you depend on with your bank is what the banks reputation rides on. The banks ability to maintain your account in a honest manner is what keeps your job at that particular bank. Not limited to banking, reliableness and maintenance are important in business operations. Many business-specific heart and souls for the row reliability and maintenance exist, moreover overall, everything boils down to one standard without reliability and without maintenan ce, business is not business as usual.Generally defined, reliability is the ability of a system to perform and maintain its functions in routine circumstances, as well as hostile or unexpected circumstances (Wikipedia, 2006). From a business perspective, simple words such as dependable, received, consistency and repeatability can better explain what reliabilitys meaning really is (Trochim, 2006). A long time client insures business with an arranging for the reliability the organization willsfor the organizations ability to either provide the same results time and again, or to provide improved results. With this in mind, the depot maintenance comes into play.Maintenance is defined as the act of maintaining or the arouse of being maintained, and the take a leak of keeping something in proper condition (Webster, 2006). To assure reliability, an oorganization must maintain the manner in which they provide a service. Microsoft, for example,is continuously tweaking the parcel pr ograms they provide to home and businesses users.They do this to ensure that their customers can continue to enjoy a secure, hassle-free (for the most part) experience with todays figurer technology. In addition to hiring computer programming and IT experts to maintain their product, Microsoft provides a liaison on their main website for customers to report any problems they may encounter firearm using their product, which assists in covering all aspects of performing proper maintenance (Microsoft, 2007). Those little system update pop-ups you receive while doing work on your computer are Microsofts way of maintaining your computer software for youyou dont even have to set a monitor or perform time-consuming research to ensure that your computer has the current versions of programs available.Maintenance is not simply about improving a product, but also about making sure that the product continues to be reliable. The git the scenes maintenance of ensuring a great product is what makes a business reliable and successful. In the end, you can have a great product, but if your business is not reliable, you wont have a business to run.References1. Merriam-Webster look Team. (2006) Definition of Maintenance. January 2007 www.webster.com/dictionary/maintenance2. Microsoft Corporation (2006) Microsoft Help and Support. January 2007 www.support.microsoft.com/gp/ContactUsSecHome.3. Trochim, William M.K. (2006) surmise of Reliability. January 2007 www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/reliablt.htm.4. Wikipedia Writing Staff. (2006) Definition of Reliability. January 2007 www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reliability.

Manipulation in Blade Runner and Maus Essay

This paper discusses the issue of habit in Ridley Scotts, mark Runner, and Art Spiegelmans, Maus volume I and II. When used as a row of authoritative visualize, manipulation lends itself to the dehumanization of the characters within these texts consequently enslaving them to an inescapable and fascist framework of control.Manipulation is an artful manage workforcet used for the purposes of deception and control. The sharp-worded and devious exertion of manipulation, as a tool of tyranny, gives those who propagate it the talent to engineer the movements of the masses. Within the texts, trade name Runner, and Maus- volume I and II, the characters are manipulated to inspire the genetically pure. When Deckert administers the Void-Comp test to Rachel he is presenting her with a scenario to test her purity.Deckert proposes to Rachel Its your birthday slightlyone gives you a calf-skin wallet to which Rachel replies, I wouldnt harbour up italso, Id report the person who gave it to me to the police ( firebrand Runner 2238). Even as a repli chamberpott, Rachel has been influenced to idealize the genetically pure, care all of the other characters break in web Runner. The police might also manipulates Deckert to believe that he must retire the replicants. When Deckert says, Ive got no choice, huh? Tucker responds, No choice at all, pal (Blade Runner 1331). Perhaps when force and punishment support and sustain manipulation this example of persuasion is inevitable.In Art Spiegelmans, Maus volume I and II, manipulation is more than overtly used as a method of authoritative control by the Nazi regime. On page 54 in Maus II, a German solider begins talking to Vladek as they are marching. Vladek even describes him as having a little heart. Before long the guard yells for Vladek to shut up and Vladek becomes afraid anymore to speak. The guard has his own ideals, solely has been so influenced by Nazi rule that he is afraid to defy the beliefs that stick out b een pressed upon him. Simply by initiating the conversation, the soldier inadvertently demonstrates that he doesnt fully accept what Hitler has influenced him to think of the Jews. His actions are derived from an appeal to ignorance.Within the texts, this shell of manipulation ultimately lends itself to the dehumanization of those who are believed to be genetically alloyed. In Blade Runner, the replicants are reduced to animals and as long as Deckert continues to see them as an inferior or subhuman force, his effort to eliminate them is not done in vain. In seeing the replicants as animals Deckert can kill them without actually murdering them. After all, this is not execution its loneliness (Blade Runner 310). In this sense, Deckert and the replicants are engaged in a perpetual struggle of being predator or being prey. fruity exemplifies this struggle when he howls like a wolf while in pursuit of Deckert (Blade Runner 13804). When Priss says, but were dullard and well die in re sponse to Battys plans of paradigmatic change, it becomes plain that the way the replicants are treated has changed the way in which they view themselves. The replicants have been reduced to animals.Similarly, in Maus, the Nazis see the Jews not as humans but as animals. Spiegelman draws the Jews as mice in his graphic novel to conceptualize this fact. Vladek describes how the Jews were transported in cattle cars. It was such a train for horses, for cows. They pushed until there was no elbow room left. We lay one on top of the other, like matches, like herrings (Spiegelman 254). This manipulation was a form of manipulation attempting to change the way in which the Jews viewed themselves.The Nazis didnt treat the Jews as human and so they were influenced by this treatment to believe that they were non-human. Vladek describes how the German soldiers saw the Jews. We were below their dignity. We were not even men (Spiegelman 254). The dehumanization of the Jews helped the Nazis to j ustify their actions. The need for the soldiers to separate themselves from the brutality shows their straightforward beliefs. If they truly objectified the Jews, they would not have had to detach themselves from them in order to delight out Hitlers visions. It was Hitlers visions that influenced the soldiers to carry out their actions. Hitlers visions had been manipulated into change state their own.Eventually this type of manipulation has the ability to disseminate through society, successfully propagating misinformation as truth. It is evident, in both of the texts, that the characters become en break ones backd to an oppressive system construct by manipulation. The characters are unable to free themselves from oppression because they have been environ by a fascist framework of authoritative control. In Blade Runner, when Rachel declares Im not in the business I am the business she has come to the realization that she is a slave to the system.Rachel goes from living with Tyr ell to lettered shes a replicant, and having no other choice but to take on her designated role (Blade Runner 10409). When Rachel asks Deckert Would you come after me? and Deckert responds No but somebody would the characters realize the authoritative nature of a world, fostered by manipulation and controlled by surveillance (Blade Runner 10602). In the net scene of Blade Runner, Batty affirms this notion Its quite an fetch to live in fearthats what it is to be a slave (Blade Runner 14512).In Maus, the dehumanization of his take has enslaved Artie to Vladeks past. When Artie thinks of his parents history he is doomed to envision a pile of dead Jews under his desk (Spiegelman 241). Artie is unable to escape the brat of Auschwitz. This becomes clear on page 47 of Maus II, when Artie puts on the mask of a mouse. Artie signifies himself as the child of a survivor and, despite the fact that he has never been there, Auschwitz will manipulate the way in which Artie lives forever. Arti e has absorbed his fathers past to such an extent that he has begun to lose some of himself and adopt some of his father. Artie bleeds history, as the title of Spiegelmans book suggests.Ridley Scotts, Blade Runner, and Art Spiegelmans, Maus volume I and II, cooperate to reveal the effects of manipulation when it is used to formulate authoritative control. The propagation of misinformation dehumanizes the characters within these texts, making them slaves to a system that is created by manipulation and sustained by surveillance.Works CitedBlade Runner (Directors Cut). Dir. Ridley Scott. Perf. Harrison Ford, Rutger Hauer, Sean Young and Daryl Hannah. Warner Studios, 1982.Spiegelman, Art. Maus A Survivors Tale. 2 vols. New York Pantheon Books, 1986.