Friday, May 31, 2019

Retinitis Pigmentosa Essay -- Health, Diseases, Vision Loss, Blindnes

The study proposed herein aims to accomplish the following To determine the optimal exposure, gamma, contrast, and alacrity corrections necessary to increase the perceived contrast of images by individuals impact by Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP) and to determine the optimal image overlay of input signals corrected at both high and low thresholds such(prenominal) that perceived contrast is maximized. Additionally, this study will develop an I/O system of minimal necessary surface responsible for image processing following image acquisition from micro cameras that will output post-processed image data onto small, high resolution LCD/ direct screens contained in a wearable binocular device similar to commercially available home theater glasses. Lastly, this study aims to expose a cohort of individuals affected with Retinitis Pigmentosa to a series of images, environments, and scenes typically difficult for RP affected individuals to observe and distinguish due to color similarities and d ecreased contrast and brightness and later on assess the intensity of the wearable prosthesis based on the accuracy of object identification both with and without the device.SIGNIFICANCEVision loss affects millions of people worldwide. According to a 2002 assess by the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 37 million individuals worldwide are totally blind, with 124 million having low vision. The WHO defines low vision and sightlessness as varying degrees of loss of visual acuity and visual field loss, relative to the better eye, with optimal correction. Blindness affects both genders, with individuals over 50 comprising 82% of the blind population. Causes of blindness vary, with approximately 60% being due to cataract and refractive errors which are... ...and RP1 (Ziviello 2005). More complex mechanisms for RP development have been suggested, such as mutations in carbonous anhydrases. Because photoreceptors have high metabolic needs, acidic metabolites resulting from aerobic and anaerobic respiration, such as lactic acid, are produced in large quantities by these cells, and as such necessitate removal to maintain pH homeostasis (Alvarez 2007). This is inherently troublesome due to the avascular nature of the retina. This function is instead performed by the choriocapilaris, and is reliant upon the activity of six-fold enzymes such as carbonic anhydrase four (CA4). CA4 thereby helps to maintain pH homeostasis which is critical to the health and proper functioning of the photoreceptors, with CA4 mutations compromising this regulatory ability, resulting in photoreceptor degeneration, and subsequently RP (Alvarez 2007).

Thursday, May 30, 2019

Struggling to Remember :: Biology Essays Research Papers

Struggling to RememberThe brain gathers, processes, and stores information in a number of ways. When we perceive something, a set of cells in our brain is activated in a specific sequence. If not fully pursued, the perception fades and the cells return to their original state (1). However if the thought or perception is entertained, the cells interact, forming a network of communicating and signal transmission. The set of cells becomes a memory engram a neuronal network representing encoded fragments of past experiences. The set of cells with facilitated synapses is now the anatomical correlate to the memory (1). commemoration of an event or rather activation of an engram can occur via a stimulus to any of the parts of the brain where a neural community for the memory exists. Once the engram is activated the hippocampus facilitates activity at the synapse, strengthening the relationship between neurons in the network, thus solidifying the memory (1). The chances of retentiveness i mprove by this process of consolidation. Thus, memories play an integral role in our lives they are the bits and pieces of our experience. Just as remembering plays a critical role in shaping or lives, so does the process of forgetting. What happens when we forget or lose our memories? Perhaps forgetting is due to poor encoding, an error in the process transforming something a soulfulness sees, hears, thinks, or feels into a memory (2). Maybe the absence of proper stimulus prohibits retrieval of information or maybe forgetting serves as a drive to notice us sane, purging the brain of irrelevant data. If we remembered everything, we should on most occasions be as ill of ass if we remembered nothing (William James, The Principles of Psychology).Memory plays a key role in mental health and thus its impairment is one of the most distressing psychological dysfunctions. Amnesia or memory loss is an constitutional case of forgetting that occurs often as a result of severe brain injury or traumatic experience. The term amnesia is associated with a broad syndicate of memory deficits ranging from Alzheimers disease and anterograde and retrograde amnesia to infantile and childhood amnesia and progressive memory loss due to aging (3). However, clinical cases of amnesia tend to fall into two main categories-psychogenic amnesia and organic amnesia. Psychogenic amnesia refers to instances in which memory loss is presumed to have a purely psychological basis. Traumatic events may have altered the patients brain but no physical damage is observed.

Wednesday, May 29, 2019

The Behavioral Impact of Drinking and Driving Laws by Bertelli and Rich

A few years ago, my family and I had a rummyard driver crash through our front yard. This person rupture up grass, ruined pine maneuver, and broke numerous lawn ornaments. Less than twenty minutes before this drunk driver went through our yard, my mom and I had been locomote our dogs, and if the drunk driver had gone through any earlier, my mom and I both would have been hit. This driver also destroyed a garbage barrel, and about slammed into an electrical pole. In a way, the drunk driver had been lucky when he went through our yard, especially when we had just taken a gigantic walnut tree out of our yard two or three years prior. The driver also had two passengers with him, a woman, and a small child. The child passenger had been unbuckled, and amazingly, was not thrown from the rear of the vehicle. After going through our yard, the drunk driver had oil leaking from his car, at least two flat tires, and damage to the front of his car. Eventually, the drunk driver was c aught by the police, and placed in jail. The insurance company that represents my family assessed the damage done, and said that the total cost of the damage would equal almost two kibibyte dollars. The driver was only required to pay my family three hundred dollars and nothing more than this amount. After receiving this amount, my family and I never heard anything else about the driver who had destroyed our yard, and have not received any other dollar amount since that incident. Looking back on this, I wonder if there is anything that allows a drunk driver to be sued for destroying a persons property.In the article, The Behavioral Impact of Drinking and Driving Laws by Bertelli and Richardson Jr. (2008), the authors make the statement that tearaway(a) under the... ...Policy Studies Journal, 36(4), 545-569. doi10.1111/j.1541-0072.2008.00283.xCarpenter, C. (2004). How do Zero Tolerance Drunk Driving Laws work? Journal of Health Economics, 23(1), 61-83. doi10.1016/j.jhealeco.20 03.08.005Chang, K., Wu, C., & Ying, Y. (2012). The effectiveness of alcohol control policies on alcohol-related traffic fatalities in the United States. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 45, 406-415. doi10.1016/j.aap.2011.08.008Cismaru, M., Lavack, A. M., & Markewich, E. (2009). Social marketing campaigns aimed at preventing drunk driving A review and recommendations. International selling Review, 26(3), 292-311. doi10.1108/02651330910960799Voas, R. B., Romano, E., & Peck, R. (2009). Validity of surrogate measures of alcohol involvement when applied to nonfatal crashes. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 41(3), 522-530. doi10.1016/j.aap.2009.02.004

Optimal Sexual and Reproductive Health and Happiness :: Biology Essays Research Papers

Like most wives, sometimes I drive my husband crazy. And even though hes a good sport rough it, one of the most consistent ways in which I do so relates to one of my most pronounced idiosyncratic behaviors. For example, we will arrive suitably early on a Saturday night at a theater to see a movie that will undoubtedly be sold out. And later picking the perfect seats, (one for him that gives him room to stretch out his long legs, and one that affords me the ability to have room to see around anyone who sits in from of me who will needs be much taller than I) and then Ill get up and move. What, you may be wondering, would cause me to behave this badly? Well, it is really a matter self-protection. Its because of all the sight who have been socially conditioned to interfere with nature and act upon the belief that they must be disinfected, deodorized and then re-fragranced. While this may be a head ache for my husband, for me it could be a migraine. Many migraine sufferers report t hat strong smells can trigger a migraine (1) and in my case, perfumes ar among the worst offenders. Of course, people are not setting out to make life uncomfortable for those, like me, with hypersensitivities to chemical odors. But discomfort or even extreme pain is very much the consequence of peoples over utilization of substances that remove their natural fragrances and their replacement of them with chemical substitutes. However, it is my contention that it may also be detrimental to the health and happiness of those who suck in such practices. Americans, in particular, have been taught that human body odors and secretions are offensive. And consequently they wage a daily battle against those that their own bodies produce and expect that otherwises will do the same. However, those dreaded smells and secretions play an important role in many human behaviors, most notably those related to sexuality and reproduction and the health of those systems. But some of the time, much to my husbands relief, I actually can tolerate the chemically scented world in which we live better than at other times. The intensity of my sensitivities wax and wane in accordance with my menstrual cycle. This is because a womans ability to smell varies over the course of her cycle and at the time of ovulation is believed to subjoin over 1,000 fold from that of the time of menstruation (2).

Tuesday, May 28, 2019

third term project :: essays research papers

Third Term ProjectBeyond the WavesValue Thirty points applied to English, Social and Science marksYou will research your topic victimisation the internet, McConnell Library, school library, UCCB library. You must show references from at least three of these places. Magazines and old newspapers are good information sources. You will pretend in pairs on the topic. each person must contri providede to the building of each section. The research work can be divided up, but then all presentation fabric must be compiled and completed together. Work on the sections together. Brainstorm together about how you want to do the project. Both people will work on completing a section and then move on to another part together. A working rough draft must be passed in as well. You are to keep a record of what each person does for the project. Some of the work will be done in school but a lot of research must be done on your own outside of the school. You will then bring your research to mob to wo rk on in assigned periods.Every presentation must have a visual part THIS CANNOT BE A POSTER Some suggestions would be a video clip, a TV hook-up to an interactive internet site, a skit or dramatization, make a magazine, produce a brochure or a newsletter. Check with me on suggestions that you might have. You must present your project to the class. Remember that this is virtuallything new to them, and you are teaching it. Values5 - creativity5 - class work time5 - rough draft10 - content5 - presentationAll projects must be typed and have a overlie page. Bonus points are availableTOPICSOceansname and locate the four major oceans of the world draw a map and illustrate where the oceans are make up a riddle for each of the oceans for the class to try and solve make a Jeopardy game using facts you discovered about the four oceans define the oceans - area, coastlines, countries around them discuss one ocean issue example - oil exploration versus fishing rightsEndangered Species of the Ocean World what is an endangered species what are some specific things that people do to cause species to become endangered Chose one ocean animal that is endangered and research it come up with a guide word for a bumper sticker to protect your animal create a brochure that gives people tips for saving the animalsOcean Legends and Tales Read

third term project :: essays research papers

Third Term ProjectBeyond the WavesValue Thirty points applied to English, kindly and Science marksYou will research your topic using the internet, McConnell Library, school library, UCCB library. You must show references from at least three of these places. Magazines and old newspapers argon entire information sources. You will invent in pairs on the topic. Each person must contribute to the building of each section. The research work can be divided up, but then all first appearance material must be compiled and completed together. Work on the sections together. Brainstorm together about how you wish to do the project. Both people will work on completing a section and then move on to another part together. A working rough draft must be passed in as well. You are to keep a record of what each person does for the project. Some of the work will be done in school but a lot of research must be done on your own out-of-door of the school. You will then bring your research to class to work on in assigned periods.Every presentation must have a opthalmic part THIS CANNOT BE A POSTER Some suggestions would be a video clip, a TV hook-up to an interactive internet site, a skit or dramatization, pick out a magazine, produce a brochure or a newsletter. Check with me on suggestions that you might have. You must present your project to the class. Remember that this is something new to them, and you are teaching it. Values5 - creativity5 - class work time5 - rough draft10 - content5 - presentationAll projects must be typed and have a cover page. Bonus points are availableTOPICSOceansname and locate the four major oceans of the world get a map and illustrate where the oceans are make up a riddle for each of the oceans for the class to try and solve make a peril game using facts you discovered about the four oceans describe the oceans - area, coastlines, countries around them discuss one ocean issue example - oil exploration versus fishing rightsEndangered Species of t he Ocean World what is an endangered species what are some specific things that people do to cause species to become endangered Chose one ocean carnal that is endangered and research it come up with a slogan for a bumper sticker to protect your animal create a brochure that gives people tips for providence the animalsOcean Legends and Tales Read

Monday, May 27, 2019

Liberty vs Security Essay

When the founding fathers created the judicature of the United States, they wanted the government not to be so constricting with its rule. In other words, freedom, just now freedom in its purest can be knockout so they had to put some security to their newly made country. They did this by giving the executive discriminate the power to enforce laws and keep the peace. In the beginning, it was all good but things have changed throughout the years where security had to be increased. Now-a-days, some people hypothesize security has been increase to such a point that there isnt fair anymore but that just isnt the case. There is now terrorist act in the world people live in and the Executive branch is taking the necessary precautions to stay safe. With the Obama Administrations war on terror, the executive branch is taking the necessary precautions to keep the nation safe with drone attacks, warrantless wiretapping, and advanced interrogation techniques. Drone essay Ms. Devine has do neWireless wiretapping in addition keeps the peace of the United States. As Steven G. Bradbury states in the pro CQR Essay about wiretapping, taking precautions, such as wiretapping, helps keep America from suffering another 9/11 (Clemmitt). He also brings up another point about the enemies being more sophisticated now because of the advancements in communication causing and allowing the enemies operate in obscurity (Clemmitt). This is dangerous for the American public so this wiretapping is necessary but that is not the point the con CQR essay brings up.Koh, the author of the con essay, mentions that FASA was made to stop spying on the American public and permit a warrant if surveillance on an American citizen is to be done, it should not be done warrantless (Clemmitt). Koh doesnt take into pecker that the enemy could be an American citizen which would be dangerous to leave unchecked. Kohs point has been the source of many lawsuits in America but has not departed through thanks to some judges. An issue in San Francisco federal court happened where a group of AT&T costumers filed a lawsuit against the N.S.A. but the U.S. government stopped them (Levine). This is necessary so America can keep their security intact.After 9/11 happened, America was scarred for life. It had cause America do begin a war on terror which were the like no one has seen. One of the things the military did was hold detainees at Guantanamo Bay to interrogate them. The detainees would be brought to interrogation rooms in shackles and would get extensively questioned (Kirk). In the pro essay about the CIA amounting to torture Kaye states that these enhanced interrogation techniques are inhumane and defile (Jost). As bad as they may seem, according to CIA veteran John Brennan, during a 2007 CBS television interview, the enhanced interrogation techniques were able to produce useful information, worked against certain hardcore terrorists, and saved lives (Zakaria and Hosenball). If these techniques got that type of information, then it is keeping the nation safe.And thusly, America has been kept a safer place. There are still some problems but terrorism has been controlled to not happen often. With the executive branchs moves to use drones, wiretap, and enhanced interrogation techniques, America is in a necessary state of security. Even though some freedoms dont seem to be, it is only to keep the peace in the United States and to have a safer nation.

Sunday, May 26, 2019

Littlefield Technologies Essay

Managing Customer Responsiveness at Littlefield Technologies Background Littlefield Technologies (LT) has developed another DSS product. The new product is manufactured using the resembling process as the product in the assignment Capacity Management at Littlefield Technologies neither the process sequence nor the process cadence distributions at all(prenominal) tool have changed. On mean solar day 0, the factory began operations with three stuffers, one tester, and one tuner, and a raw stuffs inventory of 9600 kits.This left the factory with $1,000,000 in reserves. Customer demand continues to be random, but the long-run average demand will not change over the product 268-day lifetime. At the end s of this lifetime, demand will end abruptly and factory operations will be terminated. At this point, all capacity and remaining inventory will be useless, and thus have no value. Management would like to charge the higher prices that customers would pay for dramatically shorter lead times. However, historic lead times often course into several days, so management has been unwilling to quote the shorter lead times.Operations Policies at Littlefield LT uses a Reorder Point / Order Quantity raw material purchase policy. That is, raw kits be purchased as soon as the following three criteria are all met (1) the inventory of raw kits is less than the reorder point, (2) thither are no orders for raw kits currently outstanding, and (3) the factory has sufficient cash to purchase the reorder quantity. No order is placed if any of these three criteria are not met. So, for example, a team up up could prevent orders from being placed at all by setting the order quantity so high that at that place is insufficient cash to place an order. Kits are purchased in multiples of 60 because orders arrive in batches of 60.A reliable supplier delivers exactly the order quantity of batches, intravenous feeding days after the order is placed and paid for. Management considers phy sical cost of holding inventory negligible compared to the financial costs. Other details concerning the acquire policy can be found in the Littlefield Technologies Overview note. The current reorder point and reorder quantity can be changed by clicking on cut down Data on the Materials Buffer icon.Customers are willing to pay a premium for fast lead times, and you now have three pricing contracts to spot from price = $750 quoted lead time = 7 days maximum lead time = 14 days. (This is the contract that the factory starts with). price = $1000 quoted lead time = 1 day maximum lead time = 3 days. price = $1250 quoted lead time = 0.5 days maximum lead time = 1 day. As before, if an order lead time exceeds the quoted lead time, then the revenue for that s order decreases linearly, from the prices above for the quoted lead time to $0 for the maximum lead time.A contract is assigned to an order as soon as it arrives at the factory, and that contract cannot be changed subsequently f or that order. Contracts for future orders can be selected by clicking on Edit Data on the Customer Order icon. You will also notice a few days where zero jobs are completed by the factory. On such days, the daily average lead time and daily average revenues are meaningless, so a value of zero will come on in the plots and downloaded data on those days. You are also allowed to buy and sell machines and change the scheduling rule at the tester.Assignment The factory has been running for 50 simulated days, and management has recalled the high-powered operations team (you) to manage the capacity, scheduling, purchasing, lot sizing, and contract quotations to maximize the cash generated by the factory over its lifetime. Management is not providing any operating budget beyond the cash generated by the factory itself. You will have control of the factory from day 50 to day 218. At 1 hour per simulated day, this translates to 7 real days. At day 218, you lose control of the factory, and t he simulation will quickly run another 50 days of simulation.When you lose control of the factory, management expects you to leave the factory parameters set to maximize the factory cash position when the factory shuts down on day 268. After the simulation s ends on day 268, you can check the status of your factory, but the factory will no longer be running. Your team should turn in one summary of what actions you took during the week you had access to the factory, why you took those actions, and in retrospect whether you think you did the right thing. Show analysis to justify your conclusions. Your team grade will be s partially based on your performance, but mainly based on your summary. The summary cannot exceed 3 pages in length, and no appendices are allowed.

Saturday, May 25, 2019

Electoral Systems Essay

Critically evaluate the argument that electoral constitutions can adduce impelling (decisive) political science, or vocalization goernment, but not both. impudently Zealands current electoral placement is MMP or Mixed Member Proportional this is the system which will be used to evaluate the question. A comparison of MMP and FPP or the First Past the Post system will also be included, since it is cosmos debated as to which is better for New Zealand. MMP is an appropriately model establishment which also creates a rather in effect(p) government at the same epoch.On the separate hand FPP causes a seemingly effective government but is far less representative. Some electoral systems can create effective and representative government while others whitethorn not. This will be shown by firstly detailing how these systems of governance compare under intensity level and representativeness, followed by an explanation as to wherefore electoral systems can be both effective and repr esentative and why they cannot. For a government to be classified effective it must sufficiently impersonate to its objectives as a governing body. It also must create a strong impression on the community (dictionary. om, 2011).MMP tends to have a less in effect(p) form of law making than FPP. Under MMP the study parties must form coalition governments with the smaller parties to form a fifty per cent majority over the house. These coalitions may cause a time delay in passing legislation, as the major supporter of the bill tries to convince their support parties to agree with the legislation. MMP may take time to make decision but this doesnt mean that the government is less decisive although M any people argue that proportional forms of government lead to a less decisive and durable government.Their argument is based on the fact that the decisions must gain the support of coalition parties which cause a lower quantity of bills passing. However it is not the quantity of laws wh ich cause an effective government it is the quality. MMP due to its more timely approach to law making allows time for scrutiny within a bill meaning any flaws which lie dormant in a bill may be fixed before the legislation is passed. A contrast to this is FPP with its single party majority which works very efficiently to pass laws rapidly.This is because there is no need for a compromise with its support parties since none are required. The effect of this rapid law making ability gives the community a view of effectiveness however the validity of the laws has been compromised. The laws passed may be riddled with flaws which really show the government is un-effective as the laws have no real impression on the community. Effective government is based wellspring-nigh three criteria government durability, decisional efficacy and responsiveness (Boston, Church & Bale, 2003).From these three disparate terms of effective government we can see how different opinions on the appraisal o f effective government can differ. For a government to be classified representative it must consist of many individuals who represent a variety of different constituencies (dictionary. com, 2011). Also there must be some form of salmagundi among the constituencies such as race or gender differentiation. (Royal Commission, 1986) MMP is a highly representative form of governance as it uses a two votes system this allows minor party representatives to gain a seat in the house if they gain a majority vote among their constituents.The fact an MP has to win their constituency causes a close link to the electorate as they will more likely than not represent the major view of the region. This single MP vote allows the house to represent the community from a broader aspect while equable having the majority party in bureau with the 2nd vote, the party vote. This causes a greater diversity among the house. When MMP was adopted Maori representation increased from 5-7% to 16% and the number of women of women doubled to 34% (Haddon, 2011). This increasing diversity has move as the royal commission predicted.New Zealands house of parliament has become more representative and diverse as shown by the 39 women, 21 Maori, 4 Pacific Islanders, and 2 Asian MPs out of the 121 in the house (Elections Commission, 2006). Also under MMP campaign promises of minor parties tend to not get placed on the new government agenda. The minor parties must rely on negotiation with party leaders in order to get their chief(prenominal) policies on the agenda or must wait for the bill to be drawn from the ballot box in parliament, which may never come. This causes a nice decrease in the diversification of the legislation passed.This lack of diversification can decrease the representativeness of the majority. However this does not decrease the overall representativeness of the government. The diversity of MMP is contrasted by FPPs system where there are only electorate votes so people tend to vo te solely for the major parties that are likely to get into parliament. The winning party in a FPP election will get a proportionally larger share of the seats that its share of the votes this has the opposite effect for minority parties whom gain a lesser proportion of the seats that their votes.This lack of proportionality is a major flaw in representation as there is very little diversity among the house. Electoral systems can be both effective and representative, The trounce voting system for any country will not be one which meets any of the criteria completely but will be one which provides the most satisfactory overall balance between them (Royal Commission, 1986). Although systems cannot be highly representative and highly effective they still can be both.MMP shows this, it may not be highly efficient at creating effective legislation but it creates quality legislation which is effective governing. Also MMP shows its representativeness by having a largely diverse house of r epresentatives but due to the need for coalitions loses some of the broader views of the minor parties. A proliferation of minor parties actually increases perceptual constancy and effectiveness (NRT on MMP threshold, 2011). This shows how a representative government actually seconds to form an effective government.The increase in the number of coalition majorities available will help to reduce the ability for any party to have strong bargaining power over another. This was shown in our most recent parliamentary election by ACT and the Maori party not having a large bargaining power with National as they both had possible coalitions with National. They were acting as a go bad on the other so neither gained an arbitrary power over Nationals decision. This allowed for national to make what they saw as the best decision. This shows that MMP is representative as well as being effective even if it is not top in each discipline.Many critics of MMP have agreed that MMP does lead to a go vernment reflecting the views of New Zealanders and supporters of MMP conceded to agreeing that it leads to a more unstable government which can infer that it may be not highly effective (Palmer & Palmer, 2004). While FPP contrasts MMP it shows the opposite idea. It shows that there is a tension between effective and representative government. This tension causes a highly representative government to have a very low effectiveness and vice versa.The tension has large effect on how the government operates and this can put a strain on which system will be best. FPP shows how a system cannot be both effective and representative whereas MMP seems to have the balance between being both an effective form of governance while still being rather highly representative. My research has shown that MMP is both an effective form of government and a representative form of government. However it is neither the most representative nor the most effective. The research has identified that an electoral system can be both as I have explained above.This is not to say all electoral systems are. There are always going to be strengths and weaknesses to an electoral system and a compromise between effective and representative will always be required, FPP for example is much more effective than it is representative. The tension between these two disciplines will always have an effect on how the system operates and which system is best suited to the situation. FPP is clearly a system which cannot be both while MMP is the perfect example of a system of governance which is both representative and effective.

Friday, May 24, 2019

Explain why women failed to gain the right to vote between 1900 and 1914?

At the beginning of the twentieth century British wowork force were seen as second-class citizens. This started to change in 1900, as women desired the rightfulness to choose and they were brisk to do anything it required to obtain it. Their goal was prolonged because of the umpteen hurdle execute along the way and they didnt get the vote for galore(postnominal) years.Many of the hurdles they confront were cultural. It was believed that women couldnt have their own views they would only do as their husbands told them. Most people thought that women couldnt make political decisions as they werent intelligent enough and they shouldnt because politics was a mans game.Another cultural barrier was the roles women played in the society. One on hand, due to poor education and limited opportunities working-class women had low status, low nonrecreational jobs. They had long working hours and didnt have sufficient time to get involved in the struggle for the vote. On the other hand, mo st middle and upper-class women felt that their duty was at home, and didnt want to get implicated.A reason why women didnt get the vote was their own fault. The women who wanted the vote were united in their set out but divided in approach. The main womens society groups had very different methods of getting what they wanted. Most people thought that if the women couldnt agree then perhaps they didnt be the vote.The Suffragists were a peaceful group who believed that protests should be carried out without violence. They thought that the vote would come in due time, after all New Zealand had already disposed(p) the vote to women who had used their techniques. The second group, the Womens Freedom League accepted breaking the law as long as protests didnt become violent. A protest they coordinate was refusing to participate in a census. The final group, the Suffragettes, believed in law breaking and violent protests. An infamous protest they organised was when all members produce d bricks and hammers from their handbags and broke windows in Oxford Street. It is frequently said that the Suffragettes were a main obstacle in getting the vote as the authorities refused to be perceived as succumbing to violence.Many other hurdles in the path of success were the political situations. The conservative government came into power in 1900 and this was a major setback for the womens suffrage movement. This government was steadfast in its conviction that women should never get the vote. 1906 saw the liberal government come into power as the conservatives became old-fashioned. The contemporary government was in favour of women getting the vote but was reluctant to make this possible in case upper-class women voted conservative.There were much pressing political issues to resolve than the issue of womens suffrage. The arms race with Germany was at its peak from 1908-1911 and the government had to make sure that Britain stayed ahead. The state of affairs in Ireland was a main concern Ireland was on the rink of civil war. The government was in the process of laying down the foundations of the welfare state, this included benefits like old age pensions and national insurance.The House of Lords could block any laws that it did not want, this postulate to be changed before womens vote note was put through as the conservative majority would veto it. In the 1911 Parliament Act the House of Lords impede power was stopped and they were permitted to delay laws by a maximum of two years. The House of Lords still managed to use the new law to their advantage and managed to delay the votes for women bill from 1912 to 1914.In conclusion, there were many factors preventing women from getting the vote whether political or cultural. The most influential factors were the political as they prolonged the struggle for the vote for many years. But even though the political reasons were the most important, no individual factor could have caused women to abstain from receiving the vote without the others.Explain why women failed to gain the right to vote between 1900 and 1914Women was trying to get the vote many years before 1900. At this period of time women lived in a male prevail society. It was thought by the men that, women would vote for who their friends were voting for, and vote for irelivent issues. Many thought that women didnt have a political mind to vote. Also many men thought there wasnt enough women to vote to make a difference to the result. Rich men could influence the female family members into voting in the way of their opinion. They got more votes than normal people.The law had been changing slowly, in womens favour. The law kept changing, until women could own their own property. But only if the women where married.After 1900, there was a more diligent period of campaigning by the National Union of Womens Sufferage Societies. These societies were created by Millicent Fawcett in 1887. Many women wanted action earlier than later, so the suffragette movement was born. Also with the composition of the Womens Social and Political Union (WSPU) by Emmeline Pankhurst, and her two daughters Christabel and Sylvia. These women was not happy with the cautious approach that the National Union took.Women protests didnt change anything. Some politics had changed in womens favour, but this was nothing major. The protests never changed the goverments mind. As the goverment did nothing the suffergettes started using criminal acts as sign of protest. This started as petty as breaking windows, then got skilful as arson and creating explosions.Herbert Asquith, the current prime minister at that time wasnt a supporter of women getting the vote. He said that I do not think you will bring this change about until you have satisfied the country that the majority of women are in favour of it. His position made a difference as whatever he said went. To prevent a the law going through, he called a general election. So whateve r the suffragettes did had go through the goverment again.The acts of the suffergettes were peaceful. Many of them being of criminal nature. Emily davison, being one of the most famous sufferegettes, by throwing herself under the kings horse at the derby, in 1913. She died four geezerhood later. Many of the criminal acts were ploted at meetings through out the country. When some of the sufferegettes were sent to prison, they went on hunger strike. So they where able to be released from prison. Eventhough in some prisons many wome where subjected to torture, through force feeding.The women had no other ideas to get the vote. None of the acedemic writings had not worked for 150 years. This changed at the outbreak of world war one. Many women had to work, and they showed patratism for their country. These were prominent changes in the attitudes and rights by 1918.

Thursday, May 23, 2019

An Analytical Comparison of “I Hear America Singing” and “I, Too”

An Analytical Comparison of I gather up America Singing and I, similarly Born ten years after the death of Walt Whitman, in that location was no possible way for Langston Hughes to ever meet or communication with Whitman, scarce that did not mean Hughes could not establish a connection to him, or at least his work. In 1925, Hughes wrote a poem titled I, withal was inspired by and directed in response to the poem I Hear America Singing, which was composed by Whitman much earlier. Whitmans poem consisted of a class of different American wearers who sing as they do their jobs.This well-known poem never specifically addresses the ethnicity of these singing laborers of the American population, but Hughes sets ab come out of the closet to rectify that omission. Walt Whitman is sometimes considered a pioneer of free verse and non-esoteric subject matter with focus on the working-class using realistic imagery. Whitmans poem I Hear America Singing demonstrates no end rhyme, but we hear a sense of melody in his repetitions and rhythm in the length of his lines that substitutes for the pattern we would hold to perceive in conventional poetry.Though beyond that we can tell that the tone of the poem is muscular, its beat vibrant, and its mood proud. Each tradesman in the poem performs his labor with the same pride and triumph that one might hear from a singer. There is no promotion of importance attached to the jobs performed or the performers who carry out those jobs. In the end of the poem he mentions the inclusion of female voice with delicious singing (10) along with the young wife at work, or of the female child sewing or washing (10-11).With attention to include both sexes, Whitman seems to be taking in all aspects of Americas working class, but it has been wasted out many times that this poem does not specifically detail African-Americans as part of the cluster. It is this detail that Hughes believed should have been incorporated and led to his follow-up po em, I, Too. As Langston Hughes was going up, African-Americans were not accepted and were discriminated against separated from using the same facilities and being in the same place as Caucasians, just to name a few.The division between whites and blacks was clearly prevalent and the United States of America was a racially discriminatory society reinforced by its racist laws. Hughes took the initiative to blab out his mind via poetry, resulting in his piece I, Too. In this poem, Hughes clearly signifies one thing Just because his skin color is different from whites, does not mean that they dismay to sing the National Anthem louder. Arguing that all American citizens are the same, disregarding their skin color, Hughes applies in this poem a reign-slave relationship.The assumed white master shows disrespect to his servant by sending him away whenever visitors come over, because he is ordered to eat secluded from the company. However he seems to not be discomfit by this and actually finds it funny, supported by But I laugh (5). Furthermore, not only does he find amusement in this unpleasant situation, but the isolation has a positive effect on him And grow strong (7), implying that even though he submits to his master, his spirit will not be diminished.In each line of I Hear America Singing, the word singing appears to help emphasize and describe the melody of the working American citizens, yet there is no song in particular. Perhaps they are singing the National Anthem? Americas people doing American jobs all united by an unidentified melody that shrouds them all. It would seem a bit peculiar for Whitman to exclude African-Americans.The people in Whitmans poem are common folk without person names or true identities, but they are all idealized as each one finds joy in the dignity of his or her drudging task. The heart of Hughess poem demonstrates the strength of a black slave who stands up for what is right and says enough is enough. Though it is meant to b e a response to I Hear America Singing, it feels as though I, Too misses the message of Whitmans work and perhaps Hughes was only too troubled by requisition to understand.

Wednesday, May 22, 2019

Case Studyâ€Baldwin Bicycles Essay

From the article it seemed that Baldwin Bicycle association competed somewhere between a greet drawing card and a differentiator. Baldwin had been a bicycle manufacturer for almost 40 years. The article illustrated that Baldwin Bicycle had the image of being above average in quality in price, meaning to say that it was not first gear cost competitor. Besides, Baldwin had never before distributed its products through department store chains of K-Mart, which is known for its low price. However, no translucent evidence showed that Baldwin had targeted a particular market segment as a differentiator.To begin with, the company seemed trying to attract all range of clientsits product post involved 10 models which targeted from small beginners model with training wheels to a deluxe 12 speed adults model. Moreover, over a long statusinal operation, Baldwin Bicycle seemed not created any superior competitive advantage that could be identified by customers to be apart from its competit ors, such(prenominal) as brand loyalty, customer service, product feathers or technology. Above all, Baldwin Bicycle had not clarified its strategic orientation authoritatively.b If Baldwin took up Hi-Valus advance, how might this change the way Baldwin competes? In particular, think about the effect on Baldwins costs and dispersion channels(i.e. the retailers).(45%)If accepting the offer, Baldwins dodge may be restructured more like a cost-leader. Before drawing a draft cost analysis, several assumptions should be considered. a) Selling price should remain consistent.b) Variable and fixed costs should remain constant. shoot material and labor costs remained the same in the current range, and no idle time allowed. c) Estimation of that Hi-Value would purchase 25.000 units and Baldwin would lose 3000 units should be accurate. Incremental cost and revenue if accept Hi-Values offerBaldwin got capacity to accept the offer since 75% capacity had been used. Total capacity would be 131 ,721 units so Baldwin was able to uncover extra 25,000 units. While sales volume was estimated to be 100,000 units less 3,000 units deduction plus 25,000 units=122,000 units, which quite near to its total capacity, fixed and variable costs take aim would change. Contribution margin was calculated as $12.47 after tax. Deducting one time added costs per unit of $0.2 , increased working capital $4.33 per unit and margin on lost margin(3,000units loss), total incremental effect would be $2.72. Effect on profit was total $68,000.Although Challengers offer could guarantee additional revenue, incremental costs would put burden on Baldwins current financial position provided accounts receivables from Hi-Value increased, making Baldwin had no extra money to develop its own product, such as new technology and feathers. As a result, to take the offer made Baldwins own products harder going up to the top.Distribution channel before long Baldwin only distributed its products in speciality bicy cle shops. After the offer being accepted, more distribution channels in Hi-Value stores at lower price than well-known bicycle brand such as Trek. Lower price with no significant new feathers or brand image, Challenger seemed more like low cost product.Customer and competitor reactionsAccepting the offer would to some extent damage Baldwins brand image. Lower price and more discount distribution channel would pull Baldwin down from above average in quality and price speciality bicycle manufacturer to lower price manufacturer, causing a potential loss of customers and sales. Some competitors would follow Baldwins step, seeking for new investment or cooperation with department stores like Hi-Values . In the long run, this may consider Baldwins current estimated sales or even, Hi-Value would cease the contract after 3 years and turn to someone else who offered lower price than Baldwin. By contrast, confusable manufacturers may go to the opposite side- develop new technology, add up fresh feathers and advertise as top products to a be differentiators. In this term Baldwin may suffer from suchan embarrassing brand image from long run perspective.Other factorsIn addition, in terms of break-even point and safety margin, Baldwin was on the edge of losing sales due to the poor economic, resulting in a closer distance of the break-even point. To avoid the attempt of making a loss rather than a profit, Baldwin should take the offer. However, before that Baldwin should also think about its cash flow. From the income statement it seemed that Baldwin could not bring out enough cash to the project. Besides, since production would increase, more store space would be required which would incur further costs.Besides, above assumption didnt include risk of losing more sales .Moreover, based on the current debt equity ratio, high leverage level would happen if Baldwin financed by loan since majority of its loan were short- term rather than long- term. To sum up, before takin g the offer, it was demand for Baldwin to intelligibly define its strategy and consider the effect on it about accepting the offer.c Using Miles and Snow typology, speculate on Baldwin Bicycle Companys strategic positioning.(45%)From Miles and Snow typology, Baldwin was projected to be a reactor. Since prospector should be highly innovative and analyzers domain is a mixture of still and changing product or market, apparently Baldwin would not be one of those by maintaining in the current market and product line. Problems arose whether Baldwin was a defender or reactor. From strategy point of view, Baldwin behaved more like a reactor. Mile and Snow typology defines three reasons for an agreement to be a reactor. 1. Top management of Baldwin had not clearly articulated the organizations strategy. As talked in Question a, over 40 years Baldwin chose to act somewhere in between.No clear strategy made Baldwin respond only when it was forced to by macro environmental pressures , in th is case the poor economy. 2. Management does not fully shape the organizations structure and processes to fit a chosen strategy. Compared to defender strategy which intends to secure and stable current market by offering a special(a) range of products, or offer better quality products or customer service, though selling and admiration expense was relevant high, Baldwin just sit in that respect offering all range ofproducts without improve product quality . No internal reshape had been carried out , but response to external Hi-Values offer as it occurred. 3. Tendency for Management to maintain the organizations current strategy-structure relationship despite overwhelming changes in environmental conditions. Al though risk of losing sales in the current economic situation and consideration of Hi-Values offer arose, top management seemed did not intend to restructure their strategyto a definite cost leader or absolute top product. Above all, Baldwin was speculated to be reactor.

Tuesday, May 21, 2019

Key Sectors of Economic Growth in Kenya Essay

Economic growth is the increase in the amount of the goods and go produced by an delivery over time. It is conventionally measured as the percent rate of increase in real piggy home(prenominal) product i.e. real GDP. In Kenya the key main vault of heavens to achieve economic growth atomic number 18 agriculture which is the mainstay economic growth drivers, vim sector, manufacturing and industry, service sector which is mainly tourism, fiscal function and banking and besides the private sector. All of these sectors are in line with the Kenya Vision 2030, the economic pillar. The key sectors are as discussed below1. AGRICULTURE Agriculture has been the key factor of economic growth of Kenyan providence. It continues to be the key factor that will drive the economic growth of Kenya as it contributes to approximately 24% of return Domestic Product. And for this reason the political science should increase budgetary allocation to the artless sector up from the Kshs 53.5 card inal allocated in National Budget 2012/201 so as to be in line with the Maputo resolve which requires the budget allocation to agriculture to be atleast 10% of total organisation budgets and The government should also subsidise the farm inputs such as fertilizers for the farmers, this will maximize production. Livestock farming also has to be considered.If the government increases funding to the agricultural sector, such occurrences as food shortages, seasonal inflation and unemployment would be curbed if not avoided. agrarian sector which includes Livestock sector and dairy farming The livestock sector provides employment opportunities while also increases income. Kenya exports from hides and skins for leather industry earned Kshs 4 billion. Also reforms need to be made on the Kenya internality Commission. Fisheries Kenya earns around Kshs 4 billion from this sector. The sector also employs about 60000 people and also over half(a) a million people depend on this sector for live lihood through trading and seek processing therefore thee number of fish processing plants should be increased.2. TOURISM SECTOR The service sector of Kenya contributes 63% of Growth Domestic Product and its mainly tourism industry which is the countrys principal source of foreign exchange thus the government. The tourism industry a retentive with the government has to call back steps to address the security problem and to reverse negative publicity especially after the post-Election fury of 2007 following disputed General Elections. such steps among others should include establishing a tourist police and innovation marketing campaigns in key tourist origin markets. Former minister of Tourism Najib Balala ran such campaigns in CNN.3. ENERGY SECTOR The brawn sector an authorised sector to drive the smooth growth of the economy hence there is need for the Government to put up measures that would help the sector to grow thereby, bestow to the growth of the economy as the secto r is depended on by manufacturing and industrial sector and also the agricultural sector. There exists limited power generation and transmission capacity in the country. This is caused by lack of seemly investment in power systems and infrastructure development.This combined with rapid economic growth, new customer connections and punic rainfall patterns have caused the current electricity shortage in Kenya. Though Kenya is not natural imaging endowed, the natural resources the country can boast of for energy generation are small hydro, geothermal, coal, biogas, tidal waves, solar, sprain and recently the oil exploration in Turkana. The government needs to invest heavily in the energy sector so that there is no over reliance on Hydro power. The government should implement a policy to attract private sector investments in the energy sector i.e. the Kenya Private Sector advocator Generation Support Project. In doing so it will boost economic growth and in short letter creation.4 . INDUSTRY AND MANUFACTURING SECTOR Kenya boast of being the industrialized country in East Africa, the manufacturing sector contributes to about 15% of Growth domestic Product, this percentage doesnt as the manufacturing sector is hampered by high energy costs, shortages of hydro telemetric power, poor infrastructure and counterfeits products i.e. cheap imports. Industrial and manufacturing sector has become increasingly significant to Kenya economy payable to increased urbanization. Most industrial plants are located in urbanized towns which has led to the reason Kenya has cardinal cities i.e. Nairobi, Mombasa and Kisumu they include food-processing industries such as grain milling, beer production, and sugarcane crushing. These plants contribute significantly to national income as puff up as generate employment. Also the oil refinery which processes imported crude petroleum into petroleum products, mainly for the domestic market. In addition, a substantial and expanding inform al sector engages in small-scale manufacturing of household goods, motor-vehicle parts, and farm implements.5. monetary SECTOR AND BANKING Kenya is East and Central Africas hub for financial services. Most of the banking institution and other financial services firms are located in the urban centres as it is considered that urban people have higher income which is not the case, thus innovation and opening of banking sectors should be put in place in rural areas. Such innovations includes mobile banking which where now rural populations have daily access to financial services as approximately people now own mobile handsets. MPESA is the widely used mobile banking, it is estimated that MPESA has given access financial services to about 75% of the people. Government thus needs to encourage other mobile money transfers such as Tangaza, Yu cash, and Airtel money. In doing so it will create a competitive environment and thus many people will get access to the financial services. The Nai robi Stock Exchange (NSE) ranks quarter in Africa in terms of Market neatization.Stock markets provide market liquidity that enables implementation of long term projects with long term payoffs thereby promoting a countrys economic growth. Moreover, efficient capital markets not only avail resources to investors, they also facilitate inflow of foreign financial resources into the domestic economy. Government needs to institute reforms in the financial sector as capital market development is an important component of financial sector development and supplements the role of the banking system in economic development. Capital markets assists in price discovery, liquidity provision, reduction in transactions costs, and risk transfer.

Monday, May 20, 2019

Enron Financial Statement Case Essay

Accounting is all about fiscal information capturing it, recording it, configuring it, analyzing it, and propounding it to persons who use it. The financial statements The final product of financial accounting is in the form of financial statements that are packaged with different information in a financial report. Financial statements are prepared at the end of individually accounting period. A period maybe one month, one quarter, or one year. Financial statements report summary amounts, or totals.There are three main financial statements The residual sheet containing Assets and extraction of Assets at a specific date The income statement representing is the all-important financial statement that summarizes the profit-making activities of a rail line over a period of time. The Cash flow statement presents a summary of the businesss sources and uses of cash during the income statement period. Financial Report Financial Report Form Financial Report moldiness be prepared accordi ng to the Standards of GAAP generally accepted accounting principles for preparing the financial statements, these rules permit preference accounting methods for some transactions. Furthermore, accountants have to interpret the rules as they apply GAAP in actual situations. The devil is in the details. The point is that interpreting GAAP is not cut-and-dried. Many accounting standards leave a hatch of wiggle room for interpretation. Deciding how to account for certain transactions and situations requires seasoned judgment and careful depth psychology of the rules. Furthermore, many estimates have to be made. Financial Report main componentsThe three basic financial statements income statement, balance sheet, and statement of cash flows. A statement of changes in owners equity (if needed). Disclosures mainly containing Footnotes and the most important walker is the one which identify the major accounting policies and methods that the business uses and justifying any change in th e policy used. strong-minded auditors report must be done by independent (from the firm) licensed auditor and give the business a clean bill of health, or that the report is misleading and should not be relied upon. This negative, disapproving audit report is called an adverse opinion.

Sunday, May 19, 2019

Complete Course Material Essay

MGT 426 plump out Course Material MGT 426 workweek 1 DQ 1 Why is careen necessary? What about compound is disruptive? How can meeting the challenge of change become organizational opportunities? MGT 426 workweek 1 DQ 2 reposition what is in it for me? What is the cycle of change? What are roughly examples of continuous change? What are some examples of discontinuous change? What are some differences between continuous and discontinuous change? MGT 426 calendar week 1 Individual appellative Article Review MGT 426 Week 2 DQ 1 What is organizational culture? What is the race between shared vision and organizational culture?How does organizational culture affect an organizations ability to cope with change? MGT 426 Week 2 DQ 2 How does modeling a change do facilitate change? What are the strengths and weaknesses of the three change models? What are some applications of the three change models? MGT 426 Week 2 Individual Assignment Roles of Managers and Individuals reputation MGT 426 Week 2 Learning Team Assignment Managing Change Paper Part I MGT 426 Week 3 DQ 1 Why is it important to do a gap analysis? How do you apply gap analysis to the change models? Give an example of when you may use a gap analysis.MGT 426 Week 3 DQ 2 What are the steps in implementing change? What should you consider when selecting a change implementation model? Explain. MGT 426 Week 3 Individual Assignment opposite to Change Paper MGT 426 Week 3 Learning Team Assignment Managing Change Paper and demonstration Part II MGT 426 Week 4 DQ 1 How do you measure the progress of change? How do you know change has been institutionalized? How do you determine what changes have occurred? MGT 426 Week 4 DQ 2 What organizational systems are impact by the cycle of change? Explain. What systems are not as easily impacted by change?Why or why not? MGT 426 Week 4 Individual Assignment Ethics During Change paper MGT 426 Week 4 Learning Team Assignment Managing Change Paper Part III MGT 426 We ek 5 DQ 1 What characteristics of a learning organization do you observe in your organization? What can your organization do to transform into a learning organization? MGT 426 Week 5 DQ 2 How closely does your organization follow Senges five disciplines? Is this useful? Why or why not? MGT 426 Week 5 Individual Assignment Learning Organization Paper MGT 426 Week 5 Learning Team Assignment Managing Change Paper and Presentation Part IV

Saturday, May 18, 2019

Oversea Study Agent in China Essay

1.0 IntroductionAs Chinas refrom and opening up, impertinent exchange increasing day by day. Studying abroad craze after an other. More and to a greater extent tidy sum chose to accept impertinent advanced did typifyics. This report is small scale survey on experiences with the go of oversea demand agencies, which in order to inform readers almost informations about oversea pick out agencies, allow them have a more comprehensive belowstanding of these divisors.First, about basic overviews of oversea think agent such as what is the oversea charter agent, the history and instruction of these agencies, the role and characteristics of oversea study agencies, leave behind be described in this report. Then it also show some main problems of oversea study agencies, which include some illegal phoenomenons, nonrecreationalism of employee is low and regulatory mechanism is non better. Legal system is non perfect tense and the lack of high-quality personnel as the causes o f problems followed by. At last the recommendation and conclusion will be illustrated.2.0 ProceduresThis paper is after a group discussion and arrangements. Five instruction agents atomic number 18 investigated through promise consultation, internet search, etc. They atomic number 18 Golden oriental, Jin Gillette, Mei Grabrel, CIEC World Famous Studio to study perpendicular and horizontal, Zhong Rui in Shanghai. There are also some views reference by authority report.3.0 Findings3.1 nearly basic overview of oversea study agent3.1.1 What is oversea studying agenciesOversea study agent is a mediator for students to studying abroad to other countries that provide school students application and visa application assistance and military services. everywhere in the world exist this industry. In China the first countries to ratify the legal service agencies to study abroad is very high, the first practitioners of the headache background needed to be engaged in facts of life inst itutions, so the first batch of approved institutions most comprehensive university with some formal or enormous state government departments, only 2 follow are private institutions, Jin Gillette in Beijing and Zhong Rui in Shanghai .And the choice of this two institutions are engaged in their education both at the kindred time quite strong behind the enterprise groups as the background. Second and subsequent access to do institutional conditions in the application than the first batch of great relaxation, an increase of more institutions, but are required to be registered within the legal institutions.3.1.2 The role of oversea study agentFirst, providing professional focus to reduce the personal trouble. This is the most important role of education agents. The current situation is that most people and institutions of education abroad do not quite understand the situation, the role of intermediaries is to use the relationship with exotic educational institutions, combined wit h case policies to individuals and schools to study the national situation, to apply for admission, handle Visa and other germane(predicate) information and advice. Procedures for many students, if they apply the words of ordinary people, not only spend more time, and error-prone, with the do of an intermediary, you can greatly reduce such problems. Second, providing legally qualified schools.It is understood that thither are two types of contrary registered schools, one is teaching institutions, although another category called the school, but in fact is the company, and such adaption requirements of the companys relatively loose, the more difficult for teachers and teaching quality assurance. Chinese government proscribe foreign institutions and educational service agencies engaged in recruiting activities on their own in, requiring direct intermediary service organizations and educational institutions with foreign universities signed a cooperation agreement and submit the location of the germane(predicate) provincial education administrative departments for the record, but also requires foreign school to provide the Embassy of China in the internationally renowned certification other than the institutions.The goal is to prevent a number of international universities and the poor quality of some multinational companies fraud in China. Therefore, the study intermediary agreements with foreign institutions of higher learning in schools is genuinely a constraint, so as to ensure the quality of teaching in schools and individual rights. Then, to alleviate initiation individual study plans. Study abroad is a new way of learning in China, so most Chinese people find it difficult to design their own study plan.There spring a phenomenon that many people have chosen ill-use counties, wrong school or wrong professional. The losses are difficult to be measured by money. Study intermediary with resources, according to consumer expertise, interests and pec uniary ability to provide consumers with a most appropriate and most effective way to study. In addition, there is a balance the function of oversea study agencies for market supply and demand.As with other products in the market, study abroad market also has a supply and demand balance. The difference is that, as the incase involves foreign students, consumers are poorly understood, the role of intermediaries is that the students grasp the situation told the consumer market, and guide consumers in different countries and schools to filter, so that the education market and a balanced supply and demand.3.2 Problems of oversea study agenciesIt is report that Golden Oriental has the trap of going abroad, 15 students trapped in Germany. A parents said the Golden Oriental is a German training center in Qingdao, the main business is to recruit students to learn German. Enrollment in the center, forward to introduce registration of students and parents to learn the language here, must we go through the exit of the relevant procedures. This fully demonstrates the berth of studying abroad at this stage solace exit some problems.1. Some illegal phenomenonFirst, unauthorized business in the studying intermediary. Without the Ministry of Education, Ministry of Public Security issued a permit to study intermediary services, without the approval of the administrative department for industry and commerce registration, engaging in business activities of education agents. In Beijing there are still some people who employ by the trinity no company (no license, no office, no charge certificate) to the embassy in front of students engaged in activities of intermediary services around by some foreign embassies. These illegal intermediary agencies in profits, driven by the illicit in intermediary services. Second, there is a linked counseling phenomenon.Linked management is some of the illegal gain fashioning in legal education agents affiliated companies access to the follo wing qualification to the legitimate operations of those features. There are some study intermediaries authorized by the parent company of illegally engaging in a branch or branches of intermediary business, the umbrella agency to act as illegal. Finally, some foreign companies do illegally business in China. State expressly that foreign investment institutions in the country engaged in the study can not be mediated. simply there are still some companies as the representative of the foreign school or under the banner of the Office of foreign schools in China to enroll students.3.2.2 Professionalism of employee is lowIt is understood that practitioners who have the check educational background in the study abroad agency are less than 50. counsel has not issued specific standards for employees in certificates, but no appraisal system. Most of the intermediarys employees are recruited from the community, by the agency after a simple training to induction, a considerable number of ot her employees in the state organs or institutions of workers retire, there officers aging. Therefore, the variation in levels of professional and reduce the agencys service quality and effectiveness of the service extensively restricted.3.2.3 Regulatory mechanism is not perfectAt current situation, it has not specifical laws and regulations on the study abroad agency to regulate behaviours they have. At the analogous time, the management of policies from different departments, regulatory agencies is not clear. It is a more complex work to supervision and management the intermediary services for studying abroad. Too few managers, industry and commerce, are also responsible for mankind security, there is busy. Three units of the joint action, they often stay in the rectification movement style, and they can not do more frequent, thorough and meticulous work, so that the management is difficult to place.3.3Causes of the problems3.3.1Legal system is not perfectCurrently, the state has not the development of social intermediary organizations and the general considerations of unified planning, there is no national authority in charge of social intermediary organizations and coordination of departments, to study abroad agency management and macro-control weaknesses still exist. Government lack of studying abroad Pan strictly regulate intermediary management, law point in time is not high. Market economy is the legal economy, study abroad agency to rely on laws and regulations to reconcile and act. However the legal management of oversea study agencies has a far way from the establishment of collectivised market economy.3.3.2The lack of high-quality personnelOversea study agency is a strong professional service, foreign language level requirements high. Thus, requiring that their employees must have a high quality of cultural knowledge, good professional service and knowledge of international practice. However, there are talents in this area obviously can not kee p up the situation and development needs the quality of personnel is not high, the shortage of professionals.4.0 testimonyAt present, more and more people choose to go abroad, the oversea study agent dawdle an important role in China. However, there are still exit the problems which mentioned above. So some measures must be taken such as effectively strengthen the supervision and management of education agentswaste, get on improve the advertising review and investigation, to increase the intensity modulation of employees education and training, improve relevant laws and regulations to regularise and restrain intermediary acts.5.0 ConclusionWhit the boom of study abroad set off, oversea study agency has become an indispensable institution to student. It provide professional guidance, provide legally qualified schools, help design individual study plans and so on. However, there are still some problems that can regaining the interests of consumers.When people choosing the oversea study agencies, both advantages and disadvantages should be considered. Whit the sound of legal system and the development of market economy in China, problems in the intermediary agencies of study abroad will be solved. Their business will be more and more standardized.6. ReferenceGousheng Li, 2006-10-29, Study abroad at ones own expenses intermediaraesproblems and countermeasures. Junrong Yan, 2001-12-4, Education agents, you play what role http//baike.baidu.com/view/864680.htmhttp//www.runsky.com/homepage/study/abroad/news/userobject1ai413028.html

Friday, May 17, 2019

Chipotle Grill Case Study Essay

What does a SWOT analysis reveal or so the drawing card of Chipotle Mexi bear Grills situation and future prospects? There ar a lot of things about Chipotle that have kept them successful in previous years. Opportunities and strengths depict that presently the company has a steadfast and positive image in its established markets which is mainly in the U.S., U.K. and Canada. Strong brand recognition drives the company. customer loyalty aloneows a long-term positive impact to Chipotle, which enhances company value. Targeting a group who is health conscious, surround friendly and loves Mexican fast nourishment reserves Chipotle on the forefront of success. Chipotle has an extensive line of nutritionally balance menu items derived from both constitutional and naturally raised ingredients. This idea led to the concept of victuals with impartiality (Gamble, Thompson, Jr., & Peteraf, 2015, p. 303). Chipotles reputation encases ethical and charit able standards along with healthy choices for the consumer. Chipotle is company-owned, not a franchise so maintaining integrity is easier. Customers whitethorn recognize to dine-in, take-out, and even order online to pick-up in the restaurant. These options have strengthened the company by offering convenience and availability to the customer. The brand also has a bright future in the untapped regions and with ample scope of introducing new food items in its menu. The creator of Chipotle came up with five core elements in which to base the strategy of the establishmentServing a foc utilise menuHigh quality, reasonably priced, expedient menu itemsOperational efficiencyFriendly staffAw atomic number 18ness and respect for the environmentChipotles strategyChipotles strategy is one of differentiation. Specific types of food that can be produced through local, environmentally conscious, farmers at an affordable price point is a primary goal. Offering natural food raised from local, thoroughgoing vendors that customer s respect yet still at an affordable, fast food price, creates a stand apart from the competition. other way Chipotle differentiates from the competition is through human resource practices. People from all ethnicities are brought together to bridge circuit cultural and linguistic gaps between both employees and customers. Chipotlehas a squad dedicated to empowering, educating, and training employees to increase inbred promotions, cultural sensitivity, and communication skills. The company prides itself on hiring from within and providing employees with opportunities to grow. The key element of Chipotles strategy is Food with integrity (Gamble, Thompson, Jr., & Peteraf, 2015, p. 303). Sourcing supplies from natural, organic, and sustainable, and environmentally friendly growers/producers is an essential strategy is maintaining market standing. Not many restaurant chains, if any, can say they are consistent in this practice, which makes Chipotle rise above the rest. More and more people are making the choice to choose to eat healthier which makes Chipotle an excellent choice and places them in a strategical place in the fast food industry.With more healthy choices than other fast food establishments such as wetback ships bell, consumers are more likely to choose Chipotle. Another key element to the strategic plan is operating efficiently in an esthetically pleasing environment. Even though it is fast food, Chipotle doesnt offer a fast food setting when dining in. With a modern theme of bamboo or stained concrete flooring, pendulum lighting, and outdoor patios where available, Chipotle has reduced the cost of building and maintaining new establishments but still managed to keep the aesthetically pleasing, not-so-fast food ambiance. How does Chipotle Mexican Grills competitive strength compare against that of Taco Bell, Qdoba Mexican Grill, and Moes reciprocal ohmwest Grill?Chipotle is not as visibly prominent here in the South as it is in other states co mpared to Qdoba Mexican Grill, but more so than Moes southwesterly Grill. In recent months, Chipotle grow into the Memphis area in the Poplar/I-240 area in a new shop center near Target and Best Buy, surrounded by a variety of other restaurants and businesses. Chipotle, Qdoba, and Moes all strive for market presence by positioning themselves in areas convenient to shopping centers, in strip malls, and near business centers. They are equal in the Employment Practices category as all strive to promote from within and offer strict training and development programs focusing on expatiateed knowledge through certification processes. The differences that stand out, allowing Chipotle to excel strategically are in Customer Service, calling card Selection, and Quality. Chipotle prides itself onhaving a genuine concern for the patron by hiring individuals from all walks of life and ethnicities. Whatever talking to a customer speaks, or ethnic background they are from, there is probably a Chipotle team member who can connect with them to walk them through the dining experience. Qdoba Mexican Grill and Moes Southwestern Grill have attempted to connect through customer service and experience but are not making as strong of a head wave as is Chipotle.There is actually a unique dining experience to talk about at Chipotle that draws patrons back for more. The menu option at Chipotle consists of the highest quality natural and organic selections from local growers and farmers. Fresh sweet corn, organically fully grown cilantro, organic chili and pablano peppers, grass-fed beef, and free-range chicken are just a sampling of the examples of quality raw ingredients used by Chipotle Mexican Grill. Through high measurements of sustainability in sourcing of these raw ingredients to construction of each(prenominal) restaurant, Chipotle has easily clear a 10 in this category regardless of the price point associated with the final product. The quality of the food served at Chi potle is always above par. The cooking methods allow flavorful, robust, creations to be made in a pathetic amount of time without damaging the integrity of the raw materials. Through consistent accuracy and quality measures, aesthetically pleasing plating is also displayed with each order, down to the containers in which to-go orders are placed.What does an analysis of the data in case Exhibit 1 reveal about Chipotles financial and operating performance? Financial201220112010addition Turnover1.6371.5921.637Inventory Turnover179.4188.6189.7LiquidityQuick Ratio1.8162.6021.873Current Ratio2.9253.1833.301Investments/ tradeholdersEarnings Per Share8.846.885.76lollyabilityGross Profit Margin27.1%26.0%26.7%Operating Profit Margin16.7%15.4%15.7%Net Profit Margin10.2%9.5%9.7%Re criminal on Capital22.3%20.6%22.1%The inventory turnover ratio shows that they are able to turn over their inventory very quickly. The asset turnover ratio shows that they are able to convert their assets into sales. Their liquid ratios are good because above 1 is good and above 2 is even better. Their Earnings Per Share show that the company is trending to increase profitability and their shareholders should see an increase in value. The profitability margins have been able to grow over the past years. The financial well being of Chipotle is stable and improving. Unless well-nighthing drastic occurs, anticipating the rise in revenue and value years from now, a positive future will be in put in for Chipotle.Key Strategic IssuesChipotle has many strengths that make it an attractive company but they also have some weaknesses. In recent years, competitors have started offering healthier menu options at lower price points. Taco Bells cantina menu is much like the Chipotle brand in which it offers more of a luminance southwestern flare than traditional Mexican dishes. The menu pricing at Chipotle is higher but is repayable much in part by the use of organic and natural selections, some of which are concentrated to obtain in winter months. With difficult growing seasons across the United States, Chipotle whitethorn have to choose to change their menu in winter months. With limited menu items and ingredients that have price volatility it may not be a smooth establishment in new states and countries. Competitors are the largest threat to Chipotle. As previously stated, other fast food restaurants are adding lighter fare to their menu at a lower price that Chipotle. With the continued high costs of natural and organic menu options, menu prices may have to change to keep margins stable. Another impact to the layer line could be rising healthcare costs that may require a shift in employment for many restaurants. Chipotle has multiple opportunities to expand into other states as well as internationally. With locations in the District of Columbia, Canada, the United Kingdom, and France, Chipotle managers should be well write in the workings of International business managemen t.With expansion into other countries and the continued use of locally grown and raised staples, Chipotle would stand to make substantial profits in countries likeChina and India. Adding ingredients indigenous to each local area would promote the brand customers have grown to admire. As restaurants like Taco Bell and On the Border sell their products in grocery stores, Chipotle could follow suite and add profit to their bottom line. Restaurants like Swankys Taco Shop have alcohol and beer on the menu, now so does Chipotle in some states. Continuing this exploitation in other states would be a plus for growth as well.

Thursday, May 16, 2019

Systems analysis and modeling: A macro to micro approach with multidisciplinary applications Essay

The recent damage warf ars amidst un settletled phone industries and super commercializes contrive been beneficial to the consumers as considerably as their respective industries. It can be argued that damage wars enable customers to save their money, development consumer utility and racetrack to great competition. However customers allow solely enjoy the benefits of price wars in the short-run, but the situation change in the long run. Price wars lead to decrease of prices, but it is natural to evaluate the military group of price decrease on consumer spending. The rationale of this newspaper publisher is to examine the effect of price wars between liquid phone industries and the supermarkets.Findings and Analysis Price wars eliminate peripheral players and alter the structure of the market. In case of price wars, few competitors will be willing to write down an unattractive market that greatly rely on low prices for success, and minor competitors leave the market because they be unable to make profits. In some cases, some firms might dominate in the market collectible to price wars for example, acquisition of Macro foods by Woolworths in 2009. Price wars have a long-term effect on consumer preference, since consumers argon left in a market with fewer players with greater authority. This case generally applies to supermarkets. Price drop-off by retailers weakens the brand investment made by producers (Wallner, 2001).Price wars between prompt phone industries and supermarkets have short-term benefits to the consumer, but they result to decrease in price which has a long-term impact to the consumer. Price cuts emanating from price wars alter consumer expectations for discounting and hit future pricing. Price reduction in addition affects the readiness of product distribution to small outlets much(prenominal)(prenominal) as bottle shops, local stores and convenience outlets. The price war between Britains dominant supermarkets has sh ifted into expeditious market with major supermarkets reducing their prices by half. On the separate hand, the rival nomadic phone companies maintained that they offered the best price in the market. The mobile phone companies have announced price gain over the last few weeks however supermarkets slashed down the price for mobile phone service. The supermarkets are able to take the opportunity cost of cutting the prices because they will soak up back by selling high margin goods (Eweje & Perry, 2011). on that point is price discrimination in job rates because different mobile phone industries have different tarrifs. The pressure exerted in the markets makes the mobile phones to sort out their prices to attain market equilibrium.In order to understand the current micro and cock-a-hoop-business operations existing in the mobile phone industries and the supermarkets, it is imperative to analyze the social, political and economic structures. The reduction of interest rates by the government has greatly reduced the level of unemployment. In addition the purchasing capability of clients will increase because of the improved financial situation. However, the possibility of huge financial uncertainty will affect consumer spending curiously while purchasing bonus products (Boyd, 2001)Analysis on current European demographics shows that there is an increasing turn out of ageing population. There is low possibility of old generation to go shopping in the supermarkets as compared to the young generation. The net income literacy is at 65 years, although growing population considers online shopping as efficient. Macro purlieu is external to the business sector and they are uncontrollable factors that are beyond control by whatsoever presidency (Forstater, 2007).Appropriate macro surroundings will enable supermarkets and mobile phone industries to make strong policies and strategies to make changes as well as coping up with changes in the current market. M icro milieu on the other hand are the internal factors that mobile phone industries and supermarkets can control.Micro environment have direct impact to an organization because it directly affect its zsuccess and operations. Micro environment will affect an organizations capacity to serve its clients. Therefore, before supermarkets and mobile phones industries decide on any bodied strategy, they need to appraise their micro environment. Micro environment include all departments existing in an organization and each of these department has a great effect on an organization marketing decisions. The other aspects that are included in micro environment are the publics and the customer market. Thus, mobile phones industries and supermarkets should understand their micro and macro environments so that they can make appropriate strategies that will affect both their success and operations (Wan, 2006).The rectitude of demand and supply will dish up supermarkets and mobile phone industrie s to settle on a market equilibrium calling price. In an attempt to run from high calling cost from other mobile service succeedrs, customers ends up in the supermarkets which charges low prices to its mobile customers. However, supermarkets place price premiums on basic items so that they can substitute the low prices which had attracted the customers. It can be argued that, price wars benefit customers in the sort-run, but in the long run they greatly affect the customer (Krugman & Wells, 2009).The cost of mobile phones have fallen to such a level that if the trend carries on, mobile service will be more(prenominal) affordable to much larger parts of the acclivitous markets population. The price wars ensure that both the supermarkets and mobile phone industries keep checking on their prices so that they can maintain their profits as well as making profits. The supermarkets continue to increase their promotions while other rival companies such as Tesco hold that they will conti nue being aggressive. There are various factors that have led to the reduction in price of mobile phones. The cost of mobile phones is brought down by heavy subsidies from the government, high levels of competition as well as efforts from local manufacturers who set on selling entry-level phones. The price of mobile phones has been brought down by the anticipated growth of markets (Wessels, 2006). Mobile manufactures are focusing to sell their phones in the emerging markets such as Philippines, Nigeria and India. Mobile phone manufactures have a great opportunity for the sleazy phones to substitute feature phones in the emerging markets.Mobile phones manufactures face the paradox of lack of operator subsidies in the emerging markets so that they can support the entry of these cheap mobile phones. As the cost of mobile phones continues to reduce, it is anticipated that emerging markets will receive an increasing number of cheap phones in future. However, there are different approac hes of entry of cheap phones to the emerging markets. For example, it was anticipated that there will be a growth of 95% of smartphones in India in 2013, while it was 46% in Brazil. In Brazil the import duties was expected to hamper the cheaper supply effect. By examining the current situation, mobile phones manufacturers who will be able to cope up with the stiff competition in the modern market, will secure a strong stance in the future mobile phone market (Eweje & Perry, 2011).Technology advancement has enabled manufactures to doojigger life-fitting mobile phones that are cheap and affordable. Mobile phones are a very crucial aspect in human daily lives because it enabled people to communicate, socialize and to spur development. Smartphones technology continues to be more prevalent in developed countries however, the drop in price of phones has drastically changed the situation since smartphones are now more affable in the emerging markets. Cheap mobile phones are very helpful to the emerging markets, since they will help to revolutionalize the lives of health-care professionals, farmers and educators in the developing nations. Lower price will definitely make smartphones more accessible in emerging products, but there is low internet connectivity in developing countries. Low internet perceptiveness is a major hindrance of entry of cheap smartphones in emerging markets (Forstater, 2007).The high outlay of data plans hinders various people from accessing internet through their phone. There is also high rate of inflation and unemployment in emerging markets which is another hindrance of entry of cheap phones in these markets. Though mobile phones are essential in modern day lives, most people in emerging markets struggle to make their ends meet. In the efforts of developing cheap mobile phones in emerging markets, the issue of insufficient network infrastructure should also be addressed. Mobile network operators should focus on sustainability, where they should develop business structures that permit them to earn returns by bringing data networks to emerging markets (Worthington & Britton, 2006).The network connectivity can be provided by companies like Google however, the cost impose to the local economy would be huge. The attempt of brining solutions to the issue of network models in emerging markets, would have indecent effects to the local ecosystem as well as devastating impact to the mobile network operators who provide employment, and to the government who masturbate remunerated for network licenses and use the funds for economic development. Apart from benefiting from cheap mobile phones, emerging will benefit from the internet connections plans that are just to be implemented. The emerging markets will get internet through microwave signals and fiber optics. The local governments will benefit from revenue collected from internet licenses.Conclusion Price wars between mobile phone industries and supermarket will benef it both the consumers as well as their respective industries. The price wars will lead to an increasing trend of the cost of mobile phones. The reduction of cost of mobile phones will enable more access of phones in emerging markets. Smartphones are more prevalent in developed countries where they have advanced the lives of farmers, health-care professionals among other people thus encouraging economic development. Emerging markets such as India, Nigeria and Philippines will receive more phones because manufacturers believe that there is a large market in developing nations. Mobile manufacturers have contributed a lot to development in the emerging markets for devising cheap phones that are affordable however, they should also develop the internet model in the emerging markets. Lastly, cheap mobile will be of great benefit to the emerging markets since they will improve colloquy among other benefits.ReferencesBoyd,D.W. (2001). Systems analysis and modeling A macro to micro approach with multidisciplinary applications. San Diego, CA Academic Press.Do consumers really benefit from the supermarket price wars? (n.d.). Retrieved from http//www.theage.com.au/it-pro/do-consumers-really-benefit-from-the-supermarket-price-wars-20110408-1d7g6.htmlEweje,G., & Perry,M. (2011). Business and sustainability Concepts, strategies and changes. Bingley, UK Emerald Group.Forstater,M. (2007). sparings. Chicago Chicago Review Press.Krugman,P.R., & Wells,R. (2009). Economics. New York Worth Publishers.Supermarket price war moves into mobile phone market Business The Guardian. (n.d.). Retrieved from http//www.theguardian.com/business/2008/aug/20/telecoms.supermarketsWallner,K., & Centre for Economic constitution Research (Great Britain). (2001). Price wars in finite sequential move price competition. London Centre for Economic Policy Research.Wan,K.K. (2006). From micro to macro quantum systems A unified formalism with superselection rules and its applications. London Imperial C ollege Press.Wessels,W.J. (2006). Economics. Hauppauge, NY Barrons.Worthington,I., & Britton,C. (2006). The business environment. Harlow monetary Times Prentice Hall.Source document

Wednesday, May 15, 2019

Criminal Evidence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 8

Criminal Evidence - Essay ExampleThat is why the search scenario that was render in our class reading should be considered illegal. Although the law officer had overhead something that seemed like the person he stopped was involved in drug dealing, he did non hear the other end of the talk so he can be considered to have performed an illegal search. As such, any evidence that he gathered at the scene cannot be admitted into court as evidence (Fourth Amendment Law, n.d.).Since the police officer was undertaking the search merely on the basis of Stop and Frisk, the implied consent of the accused did not include permission to open the brown paper bag (Terry v. Ohio, n.d.). The police officer over stepped the bounds this time and violated the Fourth Amendment. He conducted an unreasonable search that violated the persons right to privacy since he opened the personal effects of the person which resulted in his acquiring evidence that he should not have had access to in the first

Tuesday, May 14, 2019

Needs Assessment of Go Live Systems Inc Assignment

Needs Assessment of Go Live Systems Inc - Assignment ExampleThis gap can be identified as the training postulate of the employees. This needs assessment is to be followed by development, delivery and evaluation of training.The Compevery has plans for a monumental developing in the next six months period. With the business acumen and expertise in the field the company has veritable a software application and has patented it. This application is expected to improve upon the usability and compatibility of the two large go-ahead Resource Planning (ERP) systems. With this background Go Live Systems Inc is forming a partnership with two other large companies for making sales and license renewal calls to wankher.The company is looking for at least 10 consultant/programmers who will work hand in hand with the ERP vendors and clients for the assessment and determination of clients needs suitably transfer the application and also provide on site training to the clients as to the usage o f the application and the enhancements if any to the application.The expected requirements of skills and knowledge of the consultants/programmers need both technical and interpersonal skills. Since it is observed that it will be sticky to hire people with both excellent technical skills and interpersonal skills it becomes necessary to identify the gap in the skills and knowledge to provide the necessary training.Individual assessment determines which employees should be trained and... Skills and Knowledge Area aim RequiredUniversity DegreeBachelor Level + Preferably in Computer Science entropybase Design knowingPL/SQL ScriptingExpertCoding/Debugging/Testing/Release ManagementExpertKnowledge of ETL Tools functional KnowledgeData MappingWorking KnowledgeSupply Chain fundamental KnowledgeSourcing/Purchasing/Distri only whenionBasic KnowledgeManufacturingBasic KnowledgeFinancialsBasic KnowledgeCRMBasic KnowledgeCommunication SkillsExpertWorking in a Team EnvironmentMustWorking Experie nce + 2 years preferable2.3 Individual AssessmentIndividual assessment determines which employees should be trained and their current take aims of skill and knowledge. This may involve use of assessment methods and should pay attention to the workers basic skills as well as the job-specific tasks.Since it is decided by the company to hire an external recruiter it is advisable the recruiting procedure is provided with the above basic requirements of skills and knowledge required for the positions of the consultants/programmers. The recruiting agency should select candidates and map lists of candidates who meet the above basic criteria for consideration.Since it is found that it will be difficult to get candidates who possess the required level of technical and interpersonal skill sets instantly, the agency may be asked to present another list of candidates who do not meet the basic criteria in respect of the technical skills but are otherwise found to be of good material offerin g scope for getting trained. In those cases, in respect of each candidate a chart may be prepared indicating the level of skill and technical knowledge required and possessed by the prospective candidates, to assess the training needs. wherever it is found that there is

Monday, May 13, 2019

None Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 29

None - Essay ExamplePackage is also important because of the exclusive control that the intersection storeowner has over it. Unlike brand that depends on influence for creation and sustenance, package remains the same and as created by the product owner (Black 1).Marketers also and erroneously assume that packaging aims at capturing a clients attention into purchase. One of the roles of packaging is attraction and retention of customers. Sensitivity to the target market and branding objectives is important to effects of packaging on the role. A package, which can also develop a brand, may be effective to attract new customers and to retain existing customers through visibility and attractive features or disrupt existing customers. Packaging can also be used to communicate changes in product and in brand into effective marketing. It also informs customers of product features and quality to help in closing sales. This is because of information that package can offer about a product, such as ingredients, that makes a product spectacular from its competitors (Black 1).Black, James. What is your product saying to consumers? Rethinking the role of the package in communications. AdAge. January 18, 2011. Web. March 10, 2015.